hold in great respect/
respect/respectable/respectably/respectful/respectfully/respectively/ respective/
23. surplus / extra / supplementary surplus:多余的/剩余的 They sold the surplus food.
You should get rid of some of your surplus fat by taking more exercises.
extra:额外的/另加的/
You have had a good deal of extra work lately. I don’t think they need any extra help.
supplementary: 补充的
The statement I am going to make is supplementary to my previous one. A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.
24. respective 各自的/ respectable 令人尊敬的/ respectful 对…尊敬/be respectful to sb. 对…尊敬/ in respect of/就…来说in respect to关于/pay one’s respects to对某人表示敬意/with respect to至于/关于/respecting关于
25. strain / stain / restrain / constrain / refrain strain: 使紧张/使变形/扭伤 The weight strained the rope. He strained every nerve to win.
Don’t strain your eyes by reading such small print.
under a strain处于紧张劳累过度状态/strain after竭力追求/
stain: 污迹/留下印迹
He has ink stains on his shirt.
Spilled coffee had stained the carpet.
restrain: 限制/克制
He tried to restrain his sobs.
He was so angry that he could hardly restrain himself. I can’t restrain them from going their own way.
constrain: 强迫/强制/约束
Cold weather constrained the growth of the plants.
I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness.
refrain: 控制自己使不做某事/避免
You must refrain from spitting in the street.
He could hardly retrain from enthusiastic comment.
26. evoke / provoke / irritate / invoke / poke evoke:引起/唤起
The film evoked the good memory of his boyhood. His comment evoked strong protests.
provoke: 招惹/惹怒
If you provoke him, he will beat you.
By provoking people you make them cross.
irritate: 使烦/使不高兴 The children irritated him.
Spoilt children often irritate me. irritate/irrigate/irritable/irritability
invoke: 请求/引起
to invoke sb’s help/to invoke the judge’s mercy/ to invoke new problem
poke: 捅/拨动
You nearly poked me in the eye with your pencil. His large key had poked a hole in the pocket. She poked her head round the corner.
27. cease / resume fire / ignite cease: 停止/
At half past one the downpour ceased.
They ceased to trouble themselves about him.
He was going to cease worrying about his business. cease-fire
resume: 继续
I resumed my work.
Her face quickly resumed its anxious expression. He resumed his former position with the company. resume fire: 继续开火
ignite: 引爆/引燃/使燃烧
His speech ignited the crowd greatly.
28. hostility / futility / hospitality / absurdity / commodity hostility: 敌视/冲突
The stranger showed his hostility towards me by refusing to help me.
The hostility of the citizens to the dictator was the main reason for the riot. Hostilities have broken out between the two countries.
futility:无用/无益的事
To try to escape from the prison is a futility.
Telling lies after you have made the mistake is a futility.
hospitality: 好客
The natives are noted for their hospitality. hospitable/hospitality/
absurdity: 荒唐可笑
His story of being kidnapped by little green men was sheer absurdity. The absurdities of the playful little monkey amused us.
commodity: 商品/ a commodities fair
Wheat is a valuable commodity.
Good looks are a more profitable commodity in Hollywood than talent and hard work.
29. superiority / inferiority / priority superiority: 优越性/优越地位
All this completely shatters the myth of white superiority.
No one doubts the superiority of modern ways of traveling over those of old times.
inferiority: 低劣/卑劣
They talked a great deal about the inferiority of Negroes and had learned nothing whatever about them.
priority: 优先
This project has priority over all others. You must give this matter priority. Road building is a first priority.
30. commerce / commence
commerce:: 商业/贸易
Overseas commerce increased by 12% in the last month.
Our country has grown rich because of its commerce with other nations.
commence: 开始
Outside the town the road commenced to mount. He commenced studying the law. She commenced to cry.
We will commence with this work.
31. stationery / stationary stationery: 文具纸张
The things he sells are called stationery.
As a journalist you must spend a great deal of money on stationery.
stationary: 静止的/不变的 The bus remained stationary.
Business has been slow but our profits have remained stationary.
32. compliment / complement compliment: 恭维/赞扬
Compliments turned her head.
I take it as a compliment to be asked to speak at the meeting. Her guests complimented her on her cooking. compliment/complimentary/
complement: 补充物/补充
Wine is a complement to a good dinner.
Travel can be an excellent complement to one’s education.
33. apprehension / comprehension apprehension: 理解/忧虑
She is a girl of weak apprehension.
according to popular apprehension根据大家的理解/to be quick of apprehension理解快/in my apprehension以我看 apprehend/apprehension/apprehensive/apprehensible
comprehension: 理解力
The problem is beyond my comprehension.
I will demonstrate two kinds of reading comprehension items. comprehend/comprehensive/comprehensible/ comprehension
34. access / assess / inaccessible to access: 进入
The access to the town was across a narrow bridge. The only access to the farm is a dirty road.
Students have access to the library during the vacation. accessible
assess: 估计
They sent someone to assess the damage of house. It’s difficult to assess the importance of the decision. assessment
inaccessible to: 难懂/不能达到/不能靠近
This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible. The book is inaccessible to most English readers.
35. spark / trigger / give rise to spark: 放火花/引爆/激发
What made the electric wire spark?
The trouble was sparked off by a car accident. This dispute sparked a heat discussion. A cigarette spark can start a forest fire.
trigger: 扳机/引发
To fire a gun you press the trigger with your finger. His action has triggered off a crisis.
give rise to: 引起/使发生
The depression gave rise to widespread unemployment. This plan has given rise to many problems.
on the rise在增长/rise to one’s feet站起/to rise far in the world掘起
36. negligible / negligent
negligible: 极小的/微不足道的 The damage to my car is negligible.
The interest on my small savings is negligible.
negligent: 不注意/忽视
He was negligent in his work.
He has been negligent in not locking the doors as he was told to do.
37. tackle/ address/cope with/deal with tackle :设法解决/