Unit 2 How often do you exercise?精讲精析
主讲:冯老师 时间:10.7
Section A
知能新视窗 本节主要学习频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week等的含义和用法,并能就how often来谈论日常活动;掌握一般现在时态的结构与用法。 名师开小灶
1. What do you usually do on weekends?周末你通常做什么? (1) usually作副词,表示“通常地”,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中(在系动词、情态动词、助动词之后,在实义动词之前)或句尾。但在否定句中常位于句中。如:
She usually have lunch at school.她通常在学校吃中饭。
Usually I play basketball with my classmates after school.我通常放学后和同学们一起打篮球。
He doesn’t usually watch TV.他并不通常看电视。
【链接】always总是,一直;usually通常;often经常;sometimes有时;hardly ever几乎不;never从不;它们都是频度副词,表示的频率由always向never递减。 (2) on weekends意为“在周末”。其中“on+时间名词(具体的某日)”表示某一特定时间。如:
on Sundays在星期日 on September 1sth 在九月一日 【辨析】常用于时间之前的介词in, on, at的用法。 ① in表示一段时间,常用于年、月、季节。如: in 2007在2007年 in March在三月 in summer在夏天
② on表示地某一天,常用于星期、日期或某天的上午、下午、晚上。如: on Saturday在星期六 on the morning of October 10th在十月十日的上午
③ at则用于时间点之前。如:at eight o’clock在八点钟 【归纳】一些固定短语中的介词。如:
at night在夜晚 in the night在夜晚 in the day在白天 2. How often do you watch TV?你长时间看一次电视? how often表示“多长时间一次”,用来提问某一段时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是never, usually, sometimes, often, twice a day等表示频度的副词或短语。如: —How often do you go shopping?你多长时间去购物一次?
—Once a week.一周一次。 【链接】how long与how soon
(1) how long主要用来提问多长时间。答语通常是two days, three months, four years, five hours等表示一段时间的状语。如:
—How long may I keep the book?我可以借这本书多长时间? —Two weeks.两周。
(2) how long也可用于指“长度”。如: How long is the Great Wall?长城有多长?
(3) how soon 用来回答“in+一段时间”的状语,且谓语时态为一般将来时或现在进行时表示将来的动作。如:
—How soon will you go to Shanghai?你多久去上海? —In a day.一天后。
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3. Twice a week.一周一次。
(1) twice是一个频度副词,表示“两次”。英语中表示次数的除“一次”为once,“两次”为twice之外,其他都用“基数词+times”来表示。如:three times三次 (2) 要表示某一动作在某一段时间内发生的频率,则用“次数+一段时间”,也是对how often引导的特殊疑问句的回答。如:
—How often does your brother come home?你兄弟多长时间回家一次? —Three times a year.一年三次。
4. He sometimes watches TV.他有时看电视。
(1) sometimes有时,表示动作的不经常性,多用于现在或过去时态。如: She sometimes helps her mother clean the house.她有时帮妈妈打扫房子。
【辨析】sometime, some times, some time ①sometime副词,意为“某时”,表示在过去或将来的某个时候,指的是时间点,用于过去时或将来时,对它提问用when。如:
I will buy a computer sometimes next week.我要在下周的某个时候买台电脑。
My father came back from New York sometime last month.我父亲上月某个时候回来了。 ②some times意为“几次(倍)”,time是可数名词。如:
The teacher asked her to copy the word some times.老师叫她把那个单词抄写几遍。 ③ some time用作名词短语,指“一段时间”。如: I waited for you for some time.我等你一些时候了。 【拓展】表示“有时”的短语有:at times
(2) watch用作及物动词,意为“观看,注视,监视”,指非常仔细地,有目的地看,常与电视、比赛等搭配。如:
I watched the children playing games.我观看孩子们在做游戏。
They are going to watch the football game this evening.今晚他们要去看那场足球赛。 【辨析】look, see, watch
①look是不及物动词,后接宾语时要用介词at,指看的过程,强调有意识的动作。如: Look! It’s going to rain.看!天要下雨啦。 Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
②see既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,强调看的结果,即“看见,看到”,但不一定是有意识的。如:
Let me see!让我想想!
Can you see the birds in the tree?你看见树上的鸟儿吗?
另外,see也用于一些短语中。如:see a doctor看医生, see a movie看电影 5. Most students exercise three or four times a week.大部分学生一周锻炼三、四次。 (1) most作形容词,意为“多数的,大部分的”,用于修饰名词。如: Most schools have computers.大部分学校有电脑。
【链接】all, some, no 这三个词如most一样,都作形容词,修饰名词。all意为“所有的,全部的”,指三者或三者以上,指全部,some意为“一些”,指一小部分,no意为“没有的”,指全部分否定。如: All students went to the park.所有的学生去公园了。 Some boys are playing soccer.一些男孩在踢足球。 No answer is right.没有一个答案是对的。
(2) exercise在本句中作动词,意为“运动,锻炼”。如:
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We exercise one hour every day.每天我们锻炼一个小时。
【链接】exercise可作名词,表示“体育锻炼,运动”时,是不可数名词;表示“练习,体操”时,是可数名词。如: Swimming is good exercise.游泳是很好的运动。 We do morning exercises every day.每天我们做早操。
6. As for homework, most students do homework every day.至于家庭作业,大部分学生每天得做。
as for意为“至于??,关于??”,用于说话时提及的另一个人或事,或事物的另一个方面。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。如: As for the report, I think it was written by Li Hong.至于那份报告,我认为是李洪所写。
【拓展】as的相关短语:
as if / as though好像 as well也;又as well as既??又;与??一样
7. Here are the results of the student activity survey at Green High School.下面是格林高中学生活动调查的结果。
The results for “watch TV” are interesting.“看电视”的调查结果很有趣。
(1) 这两句中的the results of…和the results for…的意思相近,都表示“??的结果”。 (2) interesting作形容词,表示“有趣的,引起人兴趣的”,可作表语,也可作定语,用来修饰“物”。如:
The story is very interesting. 那则故事非常有趣。 This is an interesting movie. 这是一部有趣的电影。 8. hardly ever几乎不
Hardly ever与hardly意思相同,都是表示频度的副词,其意义是否定的,常用来修饰表示能力的词,表示事实上不可能。如:
He hardly (ever) plays the computer games on school days.他在上学的日子里几乎不玩电脑游戏。
【拓展】表示否定意义的词还有:never, seldom, few, little。
【归纳】含有否定意义的词的反意疑问句的附加问句用肯定形式。如: Jack hardly ever does exercise in the morning, does he?
实战演练场 夯实基础
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. Wang Tao likes sports very much. He always e_________ one hour every morning. 2. My favorite TV p_________ is Animal World.
3. The students are very a_______ when the teacher asks them to play games. 4. Do you know the r_______ of the exam, Lucy?
5. When do you usually get up? At a_________ 6 o’clock. 二、用所给词的恰当形式填空。
1. Li Lei likes going _________ (skateboard) on Sundays. 2. —How often do you watch TV? —_______ (two) a week. 3. Please do a survey about the student _________ (active). 4. The story is very _________ (interest). I like it very much.
5. Maria often ________ (shop) in Xinxin Supermarket on Friday night. 三、单项选择。
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( ) 1. —_______ do you visit your uncle? —Three times a month. A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How much ( ) 2. —What ______ do you like best? —Skateboarding. A. sport B. show C. program D. subject ( ) 3. “65% of students in our class like reading English”means (意思是) “______ students
in our class like reading English”
A. All B. Most C. Some D. No ( ) 4. Lily _______ goes to the movies with her friends. A. sometime B. sometimes C. some times D. some time ( ) 5. I often go to the English club _______ weekends. A. in B. by C. on D. about 四、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. 李明总是在周末上网。
Li Ming always ________ ________ ________ on weekends. 2. 至于活动课,我们几乎没有。
________ ________ activity classes, we ________ ________ have any. 3. 我们可以一周练习一两次钢琴。
We can practice the piano _______ _______ _______ a week. 4. 这次的考试结果使我感到吃惊。
________ ________ ________ this exam surprises me. 5. 她从不在晚上九点之后做作业。
She _______ _______ ________ after nine o’clock at night.
Section B
知能新视窗 本节继续学习表示频度的副词,并就how often来谈论一个人的饮食习惯,如何保持健康的身体。 名师开小灶
1. But my mother wants me to drink it.但我的妈妈要求我喝。 want sb. (not) to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”,其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: He wants me to give him some help. 他想我帮帮他。
The teacher wanted us not to talk in class.那位老师要我们不要在课堂上说话。
【链接】 want to do sth.意为“想做某事”,其中动词不定式作宾语。如: She wants to buy a new dress.她想买一件新裙子。
【拓展】动词tell, ask, order等都与want一样都可接动词不定式作宾补。如: My mother asked me not to watch TV. 妈妈要求我不要看电视。 2. She says it’s good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有益。
(1) 此句中it’s good for my health是谓语says的宾语,称为宾语从句。如: He says he always shops on weekends. 他说他总是在周末去买东西。
(2) it’s good for my health中的it指上文中提到的to drink milk这一动词不定式。在英语中动词不定式可以充当句子的主语,但习惯上用it作形式主语,而不定式则放在句子后面。如: It’s useful for us to learn English.学英语对我们有益。 be good for…意为“对??有益,对??有好处”,后接表示人或物的名词。如: Playing sports is good for health.进行体育活动对身体有好处。 Good books are good for you.好书对你有益。
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【拓展】表示“对??没好处;对??有害”可以用be not good for…, be bad for…。 【链接】good还有以下搭配: ①be good at意为“擅长,善于”,后接名词、代词或动名词。 ②be good to 意为“对??友好”,后接表示人的名词。 ③be good with意为“与??相处得好”。 (3) health是不可数名词,意为“健康(状态)”,常用于be in good / poor/ bad health短语中,表示“身体好/不好”。如: He often comes home to see his mother, because she is in bad health.因他妈妈身体不好,所以他常回家。 【拓展】healthy作形容词,意为“健康的”, 意为“健康的”,它是由名词health+y 构成的形容词。类似的有:cloudy,windy, snowy, sunny, family。
3. How many hours do you sleep every night?每晚你睡多少个小时? (1) How many意为“多少”,常用来修饰可数名词的复数形式。如: How many students are there in you school?你校有多少学生? How many times do you surfer the Internet?你上网有五次。 【归纳】how much修饰不可数名词。如: How much milk would you like?你想要多少牛奶? (2) sleep作动词时,意思是“睡觉”。作名词时,意思是“睡眠”。如: What time did you sleep last night?昨晚你几点睡觉? Did you have a good sleep last night? 昨晚你睡得好吗?
【辨析】asleep, sleep, sleepy, sleeping ① asleep是形容词,意为“睡着的”,常用作表语或宾语补足语。该词如果作定语,需要放在所修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
② sleepy是形容词,意思是“困倦的”。
③sleeping是现在分词,可以与be动词一起构成进行时态。也可作形容词,意思是“正在睡觉的”,作定语。
4. …but I’m pretty healthy.??但我相当健康。 pretty作副词,意为“相当,非常,颇”,用来修饰形容词或副词,表示程度。如: This book is pretty good.这本书相当好。 He played the guitar pretty well. 他的吉它弹得相当好。 【拓展】pretty也可作形容词,意为“美丽可爱的”,多用于小孩、妇女或较细小的东西。如: Lucy is a pretty girl. 露茜是一个漂亮的小姑娘。 5. I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我设法吃大量蔬菜。 (1) try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事,设法去做某事”。如:
I’ll try to learn English. 我要尽力学好英语。 【拓展】与try搭配的结构: (1) try doing sth意为“试着去做某事”,表示想知道结果而尝试着做做看。如: He tries working out the problem. 他试着解决这个问题。 (2) try / do one’s best to do sth意为“尽力做某事”。如: You should try your best to do homework. 你应该尽力做家庭作业。 (3) a lot of = lots of意为“许多”,既可修饰不可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。常用于肯定句中,在否定句和疑问句中则用many或much替代。如: He always has a lot of work to do. 他总是有很多事做。
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