内部文件，版权追溯 内部文件，版权追溯 内部文件，版权追溯 Unit 4 Body language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The British—and especially the English—are bad at complaining.Because of British politeness rules,according to which confrontation(对抗) should be
avoided,people either just do not complain,or sometimes bottle it up and then explode in an inappropriate outpouring of aggressive complaints.In fact,there is a TV
programme which shows the British in typical situations where they would be perfectly justified(有正当理由的) in complaining,but they don’t.In one scene,a woman reads a newspaper over people’s shoulders and the people say nothing or look embarrassed.
The British are also well-known for putting up with bad service everywhere from restaurants to airports and railway stations because the standard rules of behaviour say that it is bad to draw attention to yourself.This is why,when you travel on the Tube in London and there is yet another delay,the passengers will look at each other,sigh,smile wearily and raise their eyes to heaven.They might even
say,‘Huh!Typical!’ in a resigned tone of voice that says that there’s nothing that can be done about it.When complaints are made,they are made in an apologetic or a humorous tone of voice.In France,on the other hand,angry passengers might riot(闹事) and burn down the subway station if they had to put up with the poor service that the London Underground provides.
Americans and other Europeans,who are much more direct and in-your-face than the British,often wonder why British people always say “sorry” or “excuse me”when they complain.“It’s like they’re apologizing for something that isn’t their fault,”they say.They are missing the point.British people are not really sorry—it is because the word “sorry” actually works as a distancing mechanism(技巧).This is important in terms of negative politeness and not drawing attention to yourself.If you do not say “sorry”or use other distancing words
like“could”,“would”,“might”,“possibly” and so on,you will be seen as rude. 1.What does the underlined part “bottle it up” in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Put something into bottles. B.Not do anything dangerous. C.Cause problems by hesitating. D.Not allow emotions to be seen. 2.The French tend to . A.tolerate bad service B.enjoy taking the subway C.make a complaint humorously
D.express their dissatisfaction directly
3.When the British say “sorry”,they actually want to . A.try not to be rude B.apologize sincerely
C.show their feelings directly D.draw attention to themselves
4.Which can be the best title for the text? A.How to complain
B.Complaining politely C.Poor service in Britain
1
D.Politeness rules across the world Ⅱ.完形填空
Thirteen years ago I fell in love with a white ball of fur that wagged its tail at me from behind the bars of a city dog pound.Although I was about to 1 a steady job to follow my dream of becoming a travel writer,I decided to adopt it without a second 2 .Layla had me at the first wag.
Although disappointed when I went traveling,Layla was always happy when I
returned.And when I sat down to write my 3 ,she would station herself next to my desk and we would have long (often nonverbal) conversations about where I’d been and what I’d seen.We 4 with each other as only animals and those who love them can.
I would read aloud to her what I’d 5 .Sometimes she’d offer a “woof!” for emphasis.If she turned away to concentrate on cleaning a paw(爪子),I knew I had to 6 .
Of course she didn’t 7 what I was writing,but this exercise with her was my 8 of self-editing.It was my way of pushing a story to a higher level.Reading to Layla turned a task into a 9 .She became my virtual(虚拟的) 10 in my travels.
Watching her reactions to my 11 forced me to pay attention to details.I was telling her the story 12 she were a reader.This helped 13 what I put on the page.Having such a 14 and patient audience critiquing my writing made me a better writer.In this way,I traveled the world,with Layla 15 at my side.
Today I am a travel writer,and I am 16 because my friend of so long is
gone.Like many old friends,she and I 17 much over the years,and I’m so 18 to her.Whatever 19 I’ve had as a travel writer,I owe a large part to her being at my side for all those years, 20 and simply loving. 1.A.quit B.find C.offer D.keep 2.A.time B.excuse C.chance D.thought 3.A.stories B.letters C.papers D.emails 4.A.cooperated B.competed C.communicated D.celebrated 5.A.seen B.heard C.written D.collected 6.A.show off B.start over C.count out D.give in 7.A.understand B.repeat C.expect D.recognize 8.A.memory B.promise C.purpose D.means 9.A.step B.dream C.duty D.joy 10.A.doctor B.guest C.partner D.guide 11.A.advice B.reply C.action D.work 12.A.as though B.in case C.now that D.even if 13.A.shape B.replace
2
C.print D.voice 14.A.qualified B.skilled C.ready D.curious 15.A.possibly B.actually C.finally D.mentally 16.A.worried B.heartbroken C.scared D.disappointed 17.A.received B.shared C.cherished D.controlled 18.A.faithful B.blind C.grateful D.cruel 19.A.problem B.experience C.option D.success 20.A.listening B.talking C.recording D.reviewing Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·四川绵阳第二次诊断)
Many teachers believe that hands-on experience is the 1. (good) way to learn.A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test.They 2. (success) designed and built a robot for discovering
unexplored mines 3. the bottom of the sea.Students made the robot 4. (answer) a challenge from the U.S.Department of Defense.
The students recently tested the underwater vehicle 5. (call) Perseus Ⅱ in a 95-meter-long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
The robot costs about $15,000 to build.The students use a video game control to direct 6.(it) movements in the tank.What’s more,devices known as Japters 7. (able) the robot to go up,down and toward its target in the water.Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13-meter-long
cable.Perseus Ⅱ also has 8. set of lasers(激光),which are used to measure the size of an object.
The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students.For over six months,they worked up 9. 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.
DeLorme supervised the project from 10. (begin) to end.He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding. Ⅳ.短文改错
(2016·河南毕业班适应性测试)
Last week I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest held in our school.Which made me very excited.I used to be too shy to speak English in the
public.It was Susan who asked me practise several times in her office and correct my pronunciation and intonation.Beside,she encouraged me to be confident and brave
whether I wanted to show my talent before others.I followed her advices.That was why I won the first prize.I am deep moved by what he has done for me.I owe her a thousand thanks with her kindness.
?导学号92550057?
##
考点规范练19(必修4 Unit 4)
Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文是议论文。英国人通常礼貌地表达不满。
3
1.D 词义猜测题。根据上文的people either just do not complain及下文的“...and then explode in an inappropriate outpouring of aggressive complaints.”可推断,英国人有时不抱怨,有时抑制不满的情绪并最终爆发。故画线部分的意思应是“掩盖或抑制情绪或感情”。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段末尾的“In France,on the other hand,angry passengers might riot and burn down the subway station if they had to put up with the poor service that the London Underground provides.”可知,法国人常常直接表达自己的不满。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章末尾的“If you do not say ‘sorry’or use other distancing words...you will be seen as rude.”可知,英国人说“抱歉”,实际上是为了在抱怨时尽量不表现得粗鲁无礼。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲英国人抱怨的方式非常委婉、礼貌。故B项正确。 Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个旅行作家与他的宠物狗蕾拉的故事。
1.A 根据下文的“...to follow my dream of becoming a travel writer...”可知,当时作者即将“辞去(quit)”一份稳定的工作。
2.D 根据下文的“Layla had me at the first wag.”可知,尽管作者即将辞去一份稳定的工作,但是他一见到蕾拉就毫不犹豫地决定领养它。without a second thought“毫不犹豫”。 3.A 根据上文的travel writer可推断,此处是说作者写“故事(stories)”的时候。
4.C 根据上文的have long (often nonverbal)conversations可知,作者和蕾拉彼此互相“交流(communicated)”。
5.C 根据上文的travel writer及When I sat down to write可推断,作者会把自己“写(written)”的东西大声读给蕾拉听。
6.B 根据上文的“If she turned away to concentrate on cleaning a paw...”可推断,如果看到蕾拉转过脸集中精力于清洁爪子,作者便知道自己写的东西不够好,需要“重新来过(start over)”。
7.A 当然蕾拉并不“理解(understand)”作者所写的东西。
8.D 根据蕾拉的反应判断文章的好坏是作者自己修改文章的“方法(means)”。
9.D 根据上段的描述可知,给蕾拉读自己所写的东西将修改文章的任务变成了一件“乐事(joy)”。
10.C 因为作者将旅行中的故事讲给蕾拉听,所以蕾拉成了作者旅行中的虚拟“伙伴(partner)”。
11.D 作者通过观察蕾拉对自己的“作品(work)”的反应迫使自己关注文章的细节。
12.A 根据第三段中的描述可知,作者给蕾拉讲故事时“仿佛(as though)”蕾拉是一位读者。 13.A 根据下文的made me a better writer可知,给蕾拉讲自己所写的东西帮助作者“改进(shape)”自己的文章。
14.C 由第二、三段可知,对作者而言,蕾拉是一位“现成的(ready)”听众。
15.D 根据第二段开头的“Although disappointed when I went traveling,Layla was always happy when I returned.”及第三段开头的I would read aloud to her what可知,因为作者旅行回来后将旅途中的故事讲给蕾拉听,所以作者旅行时就像有蕾拉“在精神上(mentally)”陪伴他。
16.B 根据下文的“...because my friend of so long is gone.”可知如今蕾拉去世了,作者很“伤心(heartbroken)”。
17.B 根据上文的Like many old friends可知,像很多老朋友一样,作者和蕾拉多年来“一起经历了(shared)”很多酸甜苦辣。
18.C 蕾拉对作者写作的帮助令作者很“感激(grateful)”。
19.D 根据下文的“I owe a large part to her being at my side...”可知,不论作者作为旅行作家取得了哪些“成功(success)”,他都将其中的很大一部分归功于蕾拉的陪伴。
20.A 根据第三段开头的I would read aloud to her可知,蕾拉总是在“聆听(listening)”作者的作品。
Ⅲ.【解题导语】本文通过事实证明:亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。
1.best 考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法”,故用最高级best。 2.successfully 考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built做状语,故用successfully。 3.at 考查介词。at the bottom of表示“在……的底部”,故用at。
4
4.to answer 考查非谓语动词。在这里to answer是动词不定式做目的状语,表示“制造这个机器人是为了回应美国国防部的一项挑战”。
5.called 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词做后置定语,表示“被叫做”,故用called。 6.its 考查代词。由后面的movements可知,应用形容词性物主代词做定语。指“机器人的”,用its。
7.enable 考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知,主语是devices,谓语是设空处,故应用动词enable,表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述,故应用一般现在时。 8.a 考查冠词。a set of“一系列”,故用a。
9.to 考查固定短语。up to“达到”,故用介词to。
10.beginning 考查固定短语。from beginning to end“从头到尾”。
Ⅳ. Last week I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest held in our school.
made me very excited.I used to be too shy to speak English in
the public.It was Susan who asked me
my pronunciation and intonation.
and brave
practise several times in her office and
,she encouraged me to be confident
I wanted to show my talent before others.I followed her
moved by what
has done
.That was why I won the first prize.I am
for me.I owe her a thousand thanks
her kindness.
5