如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单
Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar and Usage
Teaching aims:
Enable the students to learn the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a moun.
Teaching important points:
1. Learn how to use the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a moun. 2. Learn the differences between the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form.
Teaching methods:
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching procedures: Activity 1: Definition
非谓语动词 ( to do ; v-ing, v-ed )
定义：是在句子中不能单独做谓语的动词，这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
Activity 2: to infinitive
to infinitive在句子中可以做：主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语 分析下列各句中to infinitive所充当的成分。 To find a best friend is difficult. 主语 I need to sleep for eight hours every night. 宾语 His aim was to cheer me up. 表语 I have a very important meeting to attend. 定语
You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend. 状语 I asked him to come over. 宾补 1. 作主语
不定式在句中做主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，在很多情况下，不定式用it作形式主语。其句型结构为：It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult?) + 不定式
It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame?) + 不定式 It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience?) + 不定式 E.g.
To learn English well is not easy. → It is not easy to learn English well. To become a good teacher is my desire.
It is impossible to finish so much homework in such a short time . It is difficult to communicate with this person . It takes patience to be a good teacher. 2. 作表语
Our most important task now is to make a plan.
The next step is to make sure that what happened to him.
当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。 E.g. Now the only thing we can do is wait. 3. 作宾语
常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish etc. E.g. He promised to make up with me.
1
如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单
The car failed to stop at the red light. He hoped to go back to his hometown.
He managed to solve the problem by himself.
注：a) sb. find (feel, think, make, believe, judge)+ it+ adj. / n. + to do sth.句型中，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。
I find it hard to get along with her. We feel it pleasant to work with him.
He thought it a great pity not to have invited her.
b) 动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, know, teach, learn, discuss等词的宾语时，不定式前面常带疑问词，构成“动词+疑问词(how, when, where, what)+ to do”结构。 He showed me how to use the machine. 4. 作宾语补足语
下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语: get,ask,force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise, beg, etc。
You should get them to help you .
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. My parents don’t allow me to stay out late. Please remind me not to forget the meeting. 5. 作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等。
His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear. Her efforts to carry out the plan were wasted.
②序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。
She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。 There’s nothing to worry about. He is looking for a room to live in. 6. 作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. He ran to the station only to find the train had left. I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
7. 作独立成分（插入语），用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank (坦白地说), to be sure(确实), to tell the truth, to begin with等。 To tell the truth, I know nothing about it.
Activity 3: 不定式的时态和语态 时态 / 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done
2
如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单
①不定式的进行式：to be + V-ing, 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。 ②不定式完成式：to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 ③当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动to have been V-ed
E.g. The two cheats pretended to be working hard on the empty looms (织布机). I am sorry to have put you so much trouble. The meeting is to be held tomorrow.
The room seems to have been tidied up already.
Activity 4: Bare infinitive
A. 在感官动词或使役动词see, watch, notice, observe,look at（五看）make, have, let（三使） hear, listen to（二听）feel（一感）等动词后面，不定式作宾补不带to（主动省”to”，被动加 “to”）。
I often hear him sing the song. → He is often heard to sing the song. He was seen to read the newspaper by the river.
His daughter was made to play the piano for two hours every day.
B. 在would rather, rather than, had better, may/ might as well等结构之后用不带to的不定式。 I would rather go than stay here.
You had better apologize to me immediately. C. why (not) do...?
Why not join us in dancing?
Why not visit our grandma today?
D. 在can't but, can’t help but, can’t choose but“不得不...”之后的不定式不带to。 I can’t help but admire his courage. 我不得不佩服他的勇气。 E. 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面，如果这些介词之前若有行为动词do的各种形式，这些介词后面的不定式不带to。
She could do nothing but cry. 她只是哭。
There was nothing we could do except wait. 除了等我们别无办法。 I have no choice but to stay here. 我别无选择只得留在这儿。 Exercises:
1. I let her ________(use) my dictionary .
2. Sarah made me ________(promise) not to let out her secret .
3. The teacher often has his students ________(read) aloud in class . 4. I saw her ________ (play) basketball . 5. I would rather __________(stay) home .
6. You had better _________ (finish) your homework on time . 7. Why not __________ (go) to the concert tonight ?
8.Do you want to go shopping or __________(watch)a film ? 9. I had nothing to do but _________ (play ) computer games . 10. I am determined to write rather than ___________ (sing).
Activity 5: Verb-ing form as a noun
1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。 分析下列各句中Verb-ing form所充当的成分。
1. Swimming is good for your health. 主语
3
如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单
2. My favorite sport is swimming. 表语
3. I love swimming in the sea during the summer. （动）宾语 4. I keep fit by swimming every day. （介）宾语 ①作主语
Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. Seeing is believing.
Saying is easier than doing.
注：在下列句式中采用it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。
句型：It is no use / good doing... ; It’s useless doing... 做某事没用(不好) It’s a waste of ... doing...
E.g. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收) It’s no good spitting in public. ②作表语
What he likes best is making jokes.
His hobby is painting. / Painting is his hobby. ③作宾语
A. 以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语：stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss etc. E.g. He didn’t admit having stolen my computer. I often practise listening and speaking. B. 以下动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语：be used to doing；look forward to doing；devote one’s life to doing；spend time (in) doing；be fond of doing；be proud of doing；be tired of doing；feel like doing；go on doing；keep on doing；be interested in doing；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing；pay attention to；can’t stand doing etc. E.g. I look forward to seeing you at the party. The child is fond of collecting stamps. C. 下列动词可接动名词或不定式作宾语： 意义 基本相同 相反 不同 常用动词 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) need, want, require (接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式) e.g. need doing/ to be done stop to do... remember / forget / regret to do... go on to do... try to do... mean to do... can’t help to do stop doing... remember / forget / regret doing... go on doing... try doing... mean doing... can’t help doing E.g. I regret to tell you that you have failed in the exam. He remembered meeting her before. He stops to smoke a cigarette. My room needs to be painted. ④作定语
动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，
4
如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单
可用定语从句改写。
a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车 drinking water 饮用水 2. 动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由形容词性物主代词、人称代词的宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。
Would you mind my / me smoking here? Mary’s joining us will be of much help.
His coming late again made his boss very unsatisfied.
3. 动名词的完成式(having done)、一般式被动(being done)和完成式被动(having been done)。 否定形式：not doing; not being done; not having (been) done
E.g. I’m sorry for not having finished my task. His not coming made me very angry. Exercises:
1. I dislike __________ (see) our team lose .
2. My father is considering __________ (buy) a car .
3. Do you mind ___________(open) the window for me ?
4. You should avoid __________ (walk) along this road for it is being repaired now . 5. He admitted __________(have ) seen the keys before exams . 6. Can you imagine ___________(go) skating in such a cold day ? 7. I cannot help ___________ (wonder) why she does not like me .
8. Sarah felt like __________ (cry) when she knew she was betrayed by her friend . 9. I cannot stand __________(see) people talking with their mouths full .
10. Leaders have to put off ____________(hold) a conference of peace talk due to the attack of terrorists .
课堂检测
非谓语动词专项练习
1. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
解析：题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做定语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种：to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。句意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了从图书馆借来的一些老地图。
2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
解析：动词不定式的一般式作目的状语。“买礼物”发生在“从银行取了一些钱”后，所以D
不可以选。
句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
3.Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
解析：省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，跟后面句子的主
语一致，可以省略主语和系动词。
5