大连海事大学
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业 论
二○一四年六月
文
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基于ZigBee技术的传感器无线信息采集
专业班级：通信（2）班 姓 名： 宋 超 指导教师： 谭克俊
信息科学技术学院
摘 要
近年来，随着物联网技术的发展和无线传感网的出现，ZigBee技术作为一种低功耗、低成本、高可靠性的新兴技术备受关注，已经在人类未来生活和科技发展中展现出蓬勃发展的趋势。本文在综述ZigBee协议规范的基础上，完成了传感器节点信息采集传输以及通过串口对ZigBee节点控制系统的设计。
文章介绍了ZigBee通信的特点，对现有几种无线通信方式进行了比较。通过对ZigBee网络拓扑结构、组网方式的描述，为产品研发和网络分析提供基础。深入探究了ZigBee网络层结构，在网络层结构中详细阐述了相关管理、服务规范原语，通过对原语分析深入信息传输方式及软件开发流程。
论文在深入探究ZigBee底层规范标准的基础上，在IAR集成开发环境下，对以CC2530为核心处理器的ZigBee模块设计、使用及应用进行了具体实现，软件方面对ZigBee协调器、节点完成了编程，通过协调器对节点发送广播查询信息并实现与节点设备进行连接，自动完成组网过程，并通过节点对传感器信息进行采集传输；硬件方面完成了ZigBee协调器、路由器、节点的硬件电路设计，搭建了ZigBee网络以及对节点的扩展，并进一步利用PC机串口与协调器通信，完成对节点的无线控制。
关键词：ZigBee技术；传感器；无线通信；自组网；CC2530
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ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the development of Internet of things and wireless sensor network, ZigBee technology, as a new kind of low power consumption, low cost, high reliability , has showed vigorous development trend in the future development of science and technology in human life.Based on the ZigBee protocol specification,designed a system of the data collection and transmission on the nodes connected with sonsors,and control the nodes by wireless.
This paper lists the characteristics of the ZigBee communication, several existing wireless communication modes are compared, demonstrate the outstanding performance that other wireless communication technology does not have, the ZigBee wireless communication technology has broad application range and prospect. Based on the description of ZigBee network technology, network mode provides the basis for the product development and network analysis. This dissertation focuses on the study of ZigBee network layer structure, the network layer structure in detail the relevant management, standardized service primitives, by the deep analysis of information transmission mode and the software development process, from the bottom provides based software development application interface .
On the basis of studying the bottom of the ZigBee standard, in the IAR integrated development environment, and used the ZigBee module with CC2530 as the core processor that we completed module design and made simple realization .In the software ,programmed the ZigBee coordinator and the nodes,the coordinator node finds and connetes the nodes by using broadcast,complete a ad-hoc network,then collect and transfer data through the nodes connected with sonsors.In the hardware,designed the circuit of ZigBee coordinator，router，and other nodes,completed a ZigBee network and the extension of nodes.Also,successfully used the PC serial port to communicate with coordinator,to control the nodes by wireless.
Keywords: ZigBee technology; sensor; wireless; ad-hoc ; CC2530
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目 录
第1章 绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题背景 ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 ZigBee发展现状 .................................................................................... 2 1.3 论文的主要工作 .................................................................................... 3 第2章 ZigBee技术 ............................................................................................. 4
2.1 ZigBee技术简介 .................................................................................... 4 2.2 ZigBee的技术特点 ................................................................................ 4 2.3 ZigBee组网通信方式 ............................................................................ 5 2.4 ZigBee协议的体系结构 ........................................................................ 6
2.4.1 物理层 ......................................................................................... 7 2.4.2 MAC层 ....................................................................................... 7 2.4.3 网络层 ......................................................................................... 9 2.4.4 应用层 ....................................................................................... 10
第3章 ZigBee网络层规范 ................................................................................ 11
3.1 ZigBee网络拓扑结构方式 ................................................................... 11
3.1.1 星型拓扑结构 ........................................................................... 12 3.1.2 点对点型拓扑结构 ................................................................... 13 3.2 网络层服务规范 .................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 网络层数据服务(MCPS) .......................................................... 15 3.2.2 网络层管理服务(MLME) ......................................................... 15 3.3 网络层帧格式 ...................................................................................... 16 3.4 网络层路由算法 .................................................................................. 18
3.4.1 Tree路由算法 ........................................................................... 19 3.4.2 AODV路由算法 ....................................................................... 19 3.4.3 T-AODV路由算法 ................................................................... 21
第4章 软件部分设计 ....................................................................................... 22
4.1 IAR集成开发环境 ............................................................................... 22 4.2 程序设计 .............................................................................................. 23 第5章 硬件部分设计 ....................................................................................... 28
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