超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
毕业论文
超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
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超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
目 录
第1章 超重力技术及其发展状况 ......................................................................................... 4 1.1 超重力技术的基本概念 ................................................................................................ 6 1.2超重力技术发展概况 ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3 超重力脱硫除尘技术与传统脱硫除尘技术的比较 .................................................... 8 1.3.1国内烟气脱硫现况 .................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2国内烟气脱硫研发及主要应用技术 ...................................................................... 9 1.3.3国内除尘技术现状 ................................................................................................ 13 1.4目前脱硫除尘技术及设备存在的问题 ....................................................................... 19 1.4.1脱硫效率相对较低的问题 .................................................................................... 19 1.4.2磨损、腐蚀、结垢问题 ........................................................................................ 19 1.4.3排烟温度问题 ........................................................................................................ 19 1.4.4脱硫产物分离问题 ................................................................................................ 20 1.5超重技术在脱硫除尘中的应用 ................................................................................... 20 1.6本研究的主要内容 ....................................................................................................... 21 第2章 试验装置及测试方案 ............................................................................................. 23 2.1试验装置与试验方案 ................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1试验装置 ................................................................................................................ 23 2.1.2试验方案简介 ........................................................................................................ 24 2.2试验参数设计 ............................................................................................................... 24 2.3超重机流体力学参数控制 ........................................................................................... 25 2.2实验仪器 ....................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1主要仪器 ................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.2碟片式超重机构造简介 ........................................................................................ 26 第3章 超重场的水力学试验及数学模型 ........................................................................... 30 3.1 填料内喷水操作流体力学特性 .................................................................................. 30 3.1.1干、湿床实验 ........................................................................................................ 30 3.1.2设备调整后的水力学试验 .................................................................................... 32
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超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
3.2建立简单的数学模型 ................................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 液体在碟片内流动情况 ....................................................................................... 34 3.2.2条件简化 ................................................................................................................ 35 3.2.2 模型建立 ............................................................................................................... 36 3.2 模型研究内容 .............................................................................................................. 39 第4章 操作工艺参数与SO2脱除率的关系研究 ............................................................... 41 4.1概述 ............................................................................................................................... 41 4.2操作工艺参数与SO2脱除率关系的研究和分析 ....................................................... 41 4.2.1超重床转速与SO2脱除率关系 ............................................................................ 41 4.2.2 石灰水流量与SO2脱除率的关系 ....................................................................... 43 4.2.3 pH值与SO2脱除率关系 ...................................................................................... 44 4.2.4 烟气流量与SO2脱除率关系 ............................................................................... 44 4.2.5 布水器布置形式与SO2脱除率关系 ................................................................... 45 4.3 小结 .............................................................................................................................. 47 第5章 操作工艺参数与烟尘去除率的关系研究 ............................................................... 48 5.1 概述 .............................................................................................................................. 48 5.2超重机结构对灰尘去除率的影响 ............................................................................... 49 5.2.1液气比对灰尘脱除率的影响 ................................................................................ 49 5.2.2 超重机转速的影响 ............................................................................................... 50 5.4影响超重机除尘效果的因素 ....................................................................................... 53 5.4.1液气比（操作液量）的影响 ................................................................................ 53 5.4.2转速的影响 ............................................................................................................ 54 第6章 结 论 ......................................................................................................................... 57 第7章 不足之处与几点建议 ............................................................................................... 59 7.1 不足之处 ...................................................................................................................... 59 7.2 几点建议 ...................................................................................................................... 59 参考文献： ............................................................................................................................. 63
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超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
摘 要
超重场技术是20世纪八十年代发展起来的一种利用离心力强化传质与微观混合的新型化工设备。气液在高度湍流下接触，通过强化传质过程，提高传质效率。
在以往的工作中，当处理的气量很大时，会使设备的造价非常高。而采用超重场技术就可以达到减小设备体积、降低设备造价的目的。本试验采用一种垂直式超重机处理8万m3/h的锅炉烟气，转子直径仅为1100mm，反应区高度为800mm。
本文首先对超重机的进行了水力学试验实验测定。同时，通过理论分析和合理简化提出了流体在床内流动的数学模型。在此基础上，结合实验数据，本文得出了超重机转速、烟气流量、操作液量及pH值与脱硫除尘效率的关系，并对布水器的放置形式与SO2脱除率的关系进行了初步研究。
实验结果表明：超重场能够有效强化碱水常压下对燃煤锅炉烟道气中低浓度SO2的化学吸收。通过对反应器的结构及操作参数的调整得出了最佳的反应器结构参数，并对现在的超重机提出了修改意见。
关键词：超重场技术 超重机 气液传质 脱硫除尘
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超重力技术在锅炉脱硫除尘方面的应用研究
ABSTRACT
High-gravity machine, which uses centrifugal force to intensify transfer and mixing related processes, is a new type of high efficiency multiphase contactor. Gas-liquid is forced to contact by highly turbulent flow. The mass-transfer efficiency is improved in the process of intensifying mass-transfer.
In the past woks the cost of equipment was very high when the huge air flow is treated. However the size of equipment and the cost can be reduced by adopted the high-gravity machine. A new vertical high-gravity machine is adopted in this experimentation which can treat 8×105m3/h flue gas. The primary size of this equipment is 1100mm rotor diameter and 800mm axial length.
The hydraulics experiment is firstly tested in this research. At the same time, a math model of the liquid flow in bed is given by theory analysis and logical simplification. The relationship of rotate speed, flue gas flux, water flow and pH value with the efficiency of desulfurization and dedusting is given in this paper. The disposal of the water wipe is also affect the efficiency of desulfurization. The relationship between them is also given by primary research.
Experimental results show that the high gravity machine can efficiently enforce the alkali water chemical absorbability to low concentration SO2 in flue gas on normal pressure. This machine also has a high efficiency on dedusting. The optimal operating parameter is gotten by change the machine configuration and operating mode. The goal of energy saving, consumption reduction and emission reduction can be attained by adopt this machine. At last the modification method about this high gravity machine is given in this paper.
Key words: High-gravity technology High-gravity machine Gas-liquid mass-transfer Desulfurization and dedusting
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