名词变复数
名词变复数规则变化及发音:
1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ; eg:book→books;desk→desks;pen→pens;car→cars s遇t读浊辅音[ts],遇d读清辅音[dz] eg:friend→friends; cat→cats;
2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,在该词末尾加上-es;读音规则:读[iz]; eg:bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watchches; dish→dishes
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y变为i,再加-es;读音规则:读[z]。
eg:fly→flies; baby→babies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s;eg:toy→toys;boy→boys; 4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-v,再加es;读音规则:读[vz]; eg:knife→knives;leaf→leaves;
5、以-o结尾的名词,初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es,其余都加-s;读音规则:读[z]。 eg:tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→heroes英雄; Negro—Negroes 口诀:“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿” 其余eg:zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos; 名词变复数不规则变化:
1.单词内部发生变化:口诀―oo常常变ee,男人女人a变e‖
eg:foot→feet脚;tooth→teeth牙齿;man→men男人;woman→women女人; 2.单复数相同:―羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家‖ eg:sheep→sheep绵羊;fish→fish鱼;deer→deer鹿;
3.不规则变化:child→children孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;German→Germans德国人; 4―某国人‖的复数有三种类型: 口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S加后边” (1)Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s;
(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men;
(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, 二.不可数名词:
⒈不可数名词概念:不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。 ⒉不可数名词特点:
⑴不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a, an及数词连用,常作单数看待。 例: water There’s some water in the bottle. food My favourite food is noodles.
⑵不可数名词如表数量,常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改为复数。 例:a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁, three cups of tea 三杯茶 ,a piece of paper一张纸
⑶有些物质名词有时可数,有时不可数,要根据上下文决定,其意义也有所不同。 A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。(玻璃杯可数,玻璃不可数。) I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon. 特殊名词的讲解:
⑴people 作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。 作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。 There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。 ⑵clothes,pyjamas等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。 例:My favourite clothes are pants. These pyjamas are too small.
⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts,scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。 例:Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数。
用心 爱心 专心
1
His family is a large family. His family like animals. 指整体 指成员 ⑸有的名词单复数意思不同:
例:hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。 My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式. Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。 Ⅰ. 写出下列单词的复数形式:
fish- boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife-
baby- family- man- woman- child- tooth- goose- mouse- sheep- peach- picture- Chinese- he- his- I- this- is- it- that- Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为复数句子:
1. He is looking after the baby.____________________________ 2. It’s a big heavy box. __________________________________ 3. This picture is nice.____________________________________ 4. She is a beautiful woman._______________________________ 5. I’m a good child. ___________________________________ 6. That’s a delicious peach._________________________________ Ⅲ. 将下列句子改为单数句子:
1. These are red coats. ________________________________________ 2. Who’re the boys? They’re my students.____________________________ 3. They’re women workers here. _____________________________________ 4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they are____________________ 5. What are they? They are buses. ________________________________ 6. Those are beautiful flowers._____________________________________ 7. We have many old pictures.____________________________________ Ⅳ. 划出下列单词中的不可数名词:
meat pop shirt food knife snow water ice tea orange truck car milk noodles eraser clothes Ⅵ. 翻译下列词组:
一瓶汽水 一杯茶 一副眼镜 两杯桔子汁 六瓶水
用心 爱心 专心 jam ear bread 2