精馏塔自控系统设计
摘 要
自动化技术已成为国家工业生产力水平的一个重要标志，本文阐述了基于实时网络控制自动化技术的发展，从精馏塔控制方案入手，介绍与精馏塔相关的工艺设备、工艺流程、控制过程及DCS控制系统常识，讲述了精馏塔控制系统所涉及到的检测仪表及DCS控制装置的基础知识。重点说明控制系统的组态、功能和控制策略，并以精馏塔工业为为例分析了自动化技术在国内重要工业领域的应用状况，阐明了自动化技术在工业发展中的重要作用。
精馏塔控制系统采用DCS控制系统进行自动控制，不仅能为操作人员提供可靠的数据信息，而且还能提供主要监测点的动态画面，它还具有可靠的多级报警系统，可提示故障点和维修措施，同时，计算机系统还能从宏观的角度调节精馏塔过程控制，使整个精馏塔系统从整体上协调运行，实现生产过程自动化。
由于DCS组态控制灵活、接口功能丰富、参数设置方便，操作界面直观，将在乙烯精馏装置中得到广泛应用。实践表明，本系统运行可靠稳定，操作方便，正确调整有关参数，就能达到较好的控制效果，具有推广价值。
关键词：自动化；精馏塔系统；DCS控制系统；计算机控制系统
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Monitoring and Controlling System Design of Distillation
Abstract
The automated technology has become the national industry productive forces level an important symbol. The article introduced the industrial automation technology development based on the real-time network control automation technology’s design, started from the Distillation control scheme , introduced process equipment, production process, control process and DCS control system knowledge about the distillation column ，and the distillation control column system involved in instrumentation and DCS controls the basics. The composition and functions and control strategy of control system are particular described, and has analyzed the automated technology take the batch distillation and distillation industry as the example in the domestic essential industry dominos application condition, has expounded the automated technology in the industrial development influential role.
Using DCS control system in batch distillation system, it not only provide reliable
data for the operator ,but also provide dynamic images of the main detecting point, and it also has a reliable multi-level alarm system to hint the failure point and maintenance measures. At the same time, the computer system can also adjust process control of batch distillation from macro angle so that the whole batch distillation system harmoniously runs as a whole to achieve production process automation.
The advantages such as flexible control of DCS, multiple functions, the convenient key technical parameters setting and the open-and-shut interface of the
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operating system etc. Will finally make it applied extensively in the rectification device. Practice shows that the system is reliable and stable in operation and is convenient to be operated. This system can be effectively controlled if related parameters are correctly adjusted, which is of great popularization value.
Keywords: automation; batch distillation system; DCS; computer control system
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目录
精馏塔自控系统设计 ........................................................................................................................... I 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................................... I Monitoring and Controlling System Design of Distillation ............................................................ II Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ II Keywords: automation; batch distillation system; DCS; computer control system ........................... III 第一章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 精馏塔控制的研究背景及意义 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 精馏塔控制的研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3精馏塔控制存在的问题及最新发展 .................................................................................... 2 第二章 精馏塔控制的原理和工艺要求 ............................................................................................ 4
2.1 精馏塔分馏原理 ................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 精馏塔的控制要求及主要扰动 ........................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 精馏塔的控制要求 .................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 精馏塔的干扰因数特性 ............................................................................................ 6 2.3 精馏塔的控制目标 ............................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 质量指标 .................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 产品产量和能量消耗 ................................................................................................ 9 2.4 精馏塔装置的工艺流程 ..................................................................................................... 11 第三章 精馏塔控制方案设计 .......................................................................................................... 13
3.1 精馏塔控制方案 ................................................................................................................. 13
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3.1.1提馏段参数控制 ....................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2精馏段参数控制 ....................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3精馏塔的温差控制及双温差控制............................................................................ 16 3.2 乙烯精馏塔装置的控制方案 ............................................................................................. 19 3.3 精馏塔工艺因数影响及系统维护 ..................................................................................... 23
3.3.1工艺因数影响 ........................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2故障分析及系统维护 ............................................................................................... 24
第四章 DCS系统选型.................................................................................................................. 26
4.1 DCS系统概述................................................................................................................... 26 4.2 DCS系统的结构与特点 ................................................................................................... 26
4.2.1 DCS系统的基本组成 ............................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 DCS系统的特点 ....................................................................................................... 28 4.2.3 DCS系统的传输媒介 ............................................................................................... 29 4.2.4 DCS通讯网络 ........................................................................................................... 29 4.2.5 JX-300XP系统简介.................................................................................................. 31 4.2.6测控仪表选型 ........................................................................................................... 39
第五章 控制系统在DCS中的实现 ................................................................................................. 42
5.1控制站及操作站组态 .......................................................................................................... 44
5.1.1控制站组态 ............................................................................................................... 44 5.1.2操作站组态 ............................................................................................................... 45
第六章 控制系统的设计 .................................................................................................................. 48
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