中文目录
3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................ 31
第四章 水稻纸膜覆盖插秧机田间试验研究 ......................................................... 32
4.1 试验材料与设备.................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 纸膜破损率与纸膜贴合率对比试验研究 .................................................................. 33 4.2.1 试验方案 ........................................................................................................................ 33 4.2.2 样机前进速度对纸膜破损率与贴合率影响对比研究 .................................. 34 4.2.3 压膜辊垂直载荷对纸膜破损率与贴合率影响对比研究 .............................. 38 4.3 纸膜滑移率试验研究 ........................................................................................................ 42 4.3.1 试验方案 ........................................................................................................................ 42 4.3.2 试验结果分析 ............................................................................................................... 43 4.4 插秧质量对比试验研究 ................................................................................................... 45 4.5 试验结果分析 ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................ 46
第五章 结论与展望 ................................................................................................................ 48 参考文献 ......................................................................................................................................... 49 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................................... 55 攻读硕士研究生期间发表的论文 .................................................................................. 56
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沈阳农业大学硕士学位论文
Contents
Astract ................................................................................................................................................. 1 English Astract ............................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1 The backgroud and significance of the research ............................................................ 5 1.2 Rice planting mechanization situation in our country and abroad ............................ 5 1.2.1 Planting mechanization developmengt in our country and abroad ................... 5 1.2.2 Rice inserted machinery research status ................................................................... 6 1.3 Status of mulching technology at home and abroad ..................................................... 7 1.3.1 Status of rice paper-mulching ...................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 The equipment of rice paper-mulching status ......................................................... 9 1.4 Research contents.................................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Technical route ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Summary of this chapter ..................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 2 Paper film laying mechanism totality design ...................................... 12
2.1 Paper film laying mechanism totality design and working principle..................... 12 2.1.1 Paper film laying mechanism totality design ........................................................ 12 2.1.2 The reason of Paper film laying mechanism totality design ............................. 15 2.2 The piont of Paper film laying mechanism design and work process .................... 17 2.2.1 The piont of Paper film laying mechanism design .............................................. 17 2.2.2 Work process of paper film laying mechanism .................................................... 18 2.3 Summary of this chapter ..................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3 Improving design of main parts .................................................................. 20
3.1 Improving design of support system ............................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Improving design of roller support arm .................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Improving design of paper film mounting mechanism ...................................... 24 3.1.3 Roller bearing characteristics and selection .......................................................... 24 3.2 Improving design of the film board ................................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Improving design of the film board ......................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Experimental study of mud jamming ...................................................................... 26 3.3 The analysis of main parts .................................................................................................. 28 3.3.1 Simulation analysis of roller support arm .............................................................. 28 3.3.2 Vibration analysis of film mounting mechanism ................................................. 30
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英文目录
3.4 2.3 Summary of this chapter .............................................................................................. 31
Chapter 4 Field test of the rice paper-mulching transplanter ............................ 32
4.1 Materials and equipment ..................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Comparative study of The paper membrane breakage rate and paper film rate ... 33 4.2.1 Test methods ................................................................................................................... 33 4.2.2 Comparative study of speed for the paper breakage and paper film rate ...... 34 4.2.3 Comparative study of loading for the paper breakage and paper film rate ... 38 4.3 Experimental study on paper film slip rate .................................................................... 42 4.3.1 Test methods ................................................................................................................... 42 4.3.2 Analysis of test results ................................................................................................. 43 4.4 Comparative study of transplanter rice quality ............................................................ 45 4.5 Analysis of test results ......................................................................................................... 45 4.6 Summary of this chapter ..................................................................................................... 46
Chapter5 Conclusion and prospect ................................................................................... 48 References ....................................................................................................................................... 50 Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... 55 Publication during master study ......................................................................................... 56
IV
沈阳农业大学硕士学位论文
摘 要
地膜覆盖技术的优点显而易见，对农作物增产起很大作用，但随着普通单体聚乙烯塑料膜的发展及广泛应用，其不容易被微生物降解带来了一系列包括对环境污染等副作用。针对塑料薄膜的缺点，应运而生出纸质地膜不但继承了塑料地膜的优点，有良好的保温、保水和控草效果，、在稻田中自然降解、不会残留，不造成环境破坏等优点。是一种生态友好型种植技术，可以有效地控制农药使用量，种植出无公害的有机稻米。人工铺设纸膜劳动强度大、劳动效率低还容易在铺设过程中踩出“脚窝”影响纸膜覆盖效果，设计机械作业水稻纸膜覆盖插秧机迫在眉睫。
水稻纸膜插秧机的研制就是解决了人工铺设纸膜所带来的问题。在研制和试验过程中，纸膜水稻插秧机出现了辊轮支撑臂刚度不足发生变形、承膜板壅泥严重、插秧机振动影响机架连接处寿命等问题。本文就是在设计完成的水稻纸膜覆盖插秧机的基础上，在研发和试验过程中发现设计的缺陷、改进不适应实际生产需求的结构、替换不能满足田间作业的零件，完善纸膜水稻插秧机的功能。
本文主要改进了辊轮支撑系统、承膜板结构，并对改进的主要结构进行分析。辊轮支撑臂原样机设计是各个辊轮分别安装在以弯曲成直角的钢板，没有很好的抗弯能力，在应力集中部位发生了严重变形，改进辊轮支撑臂不但要满足原有功能包括：挂载辊轮，承载辊轮及泥水对其的作用力，还要在受力时不会发生严重变形甚至断裂，简化结构，安装方便。为此设计了以方钢管为材料的将所有辊轮及承膜板挂载在同一辊轮支撑臂的支撑平台。通过SOLIDWORKS SimulationXpress对设计完成的辊轮支撑臂进行分析满足正常工作的同时在超出正常工作受力一定范围内不会发生变形。纸膜承膜板在整个纸膜铺放机构中起着承上启下的作用，不但与展膜板配合将纸膜展平还可将水田中不平的淤泥履平，原样机承膜板下沿设计成台阶状很容易在插秧机前进过程中堆积起淤泥影响铺插秧机作业，将承膜板下沿设计成圆弧过度就可以避免淤泥堆积，为研究淤泥堆积受不同半径的圆弧过度板和不同速度载荷影响进行试验研究。试验结果表明：圆弧过渡板半径可能不是影响试验指标的显著因素；影响试验指标壅泥量的最重要因素是承膜板的行进速度，其次是承膜板载荷。在插秧机行驶和作业过程中铺放机构中纸辊机架受到插秧机振动影响强烈，这是由于机架本身结构引起的，本文改进了机架尺寸、更换机架固定位置降低了机架振动的摆幅，减少了振动对固定点的影响。水田作业环境十分恶劣，水田作业有大量的泥沙会侵入轴承内部，并且泥水对轴承也有一定的腐蚀作用。轴承选取必须满足农业机械生产要求，原插秧机轴承没有良好的密封，泥沙进入轴承滚珠周围影响轴承正常工作降低轴承寿命，辊轮轴承必须选用有调心功能强并具有良好密封性的轴承。铺放机构辊轮转动较慢轴承选择带有密封圈的深沟球轴承可以满足要求。
在装配完成样机后主要对纸膜铺设质量和机组插秧质量进行试验研究。田间铺膜对
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中文摘要
比试验结果表明：样机铺设纸膜破损率都是随着前进速度增加而上升的，但在一定速度范围内改进前结果优于改进后，正常插秧机行驶速度下改进后纸膜贴合率指标均优于改进前，这是由于承膜板改进为圆弧过度不但大大减少了壅泥现象还将纸膜更平整的展开。在不同载荷条件下纸膜破损率与纸膜贴合率改进后也略优于改进前，说明改进后插秧机工作更稳定，适用性更强。改进后对样机进行纸膜滑移率试验结果表明，影响纸膜滑移率最显著为展膜辊与承膜板之间的加紧力，随着夹紧力上升，纸膜滑移率有上升趋势；其次是机械前进速度随着前进速度提高，纸膜滑移率也有上升趋势。展膜辊和压膜辊垂直距离影响小于前两个因素。
本文为了未来实现产品化设计提供了设计依据，为最终水稻纸膜插秧机问世打下基础。
关键词：铺膜插秧;改进;贴合率;破损率;滑移率
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