重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
高速电主轴轴心轨迹测试与分析
学 生： 学 号： 指导教师： 助理指导教师： 专 业：机械电子工程
重庆大学机械学院
二O一二年六月
重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
Graduation Design(Thesis) of Chongqing University
Test and analysis of orbit of shaft center for high-speed electric spindle system
Undergraduate: Guo Jinlong Supervisor: Prof. He Ye
Assistant Supervisor : Lecturer Shan Wentao Major: Mechanical and Electronic Engineering
College of Mechanical Engineering
Chongqing University
June 2012
重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
由于高速电主轴系统复杂多变的运行环境以及未建模动态和外部干扰等众多难以描述的因素，使得高速电主轴系统的故障分析变得相当困难，本文提出一种改进的实验方法来研究运行高速电主轴的振动特性.首先，运用LMS数据采集分析仪和LMS信号分析软件构建该型号电主轴的振动信号测试处理系统，然后运用谐波小波超窄带高分辨率检波的优良特性及微弱信号提取功能，从复杂的实验环境中提取主轴振动信号并进行谐波小波分析，再利用谐波小波包的局部频域细化分析能力研究了主轴在八种不同转速下的振动频谱图，并成功提纯了转子轴心轨迹，为后续的故障诊断提供了验证依据。最后以170MD15Y20型高速电主轴为研究对象，分析了主轴在负载相同、转速不同下的八种不同振动信号,将频率分量分成重复出现部分和规则出现两部分进行对比研究。所得到的实验结果与理论分析相符，从而验证了所用方法的正确性。
关键词：高速电主轴,振动,谐波小波分析,故障诊断
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重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
Due to the high-speed electric spindle system, the complex and volatile operating environment, as well as unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances, and many other hard to describe the factors that makes high-speed electric spindle system failure analysis becomes very difficult, this paper presents an improved experimental method to study the runhigh-speed electric spindle vibration. first, the use of the LMS data acquisition analyzer and LMS signal analysis software to build the model of electric spindle vibration signal test processing system, and then use the fine features of the harmonic wavelet ultra-narrow-band high-resolution detector and a weak signal extractionfunction, spindle vibration signal extracted from the complex experimental environment and the harmonic wavelet analysis, harmonic wavelet packet analysis capabilities of the local frequency domain refinement of the vibration frequency spectrum of the spindle in eight different speed, and successfully purifiedthe rotor axis orbit validation basis for the subsequent fault diagnosis. Finally, 170MD15Y20 high-speed electric spindle for the study, analysis of the spindle at the same load, eight different vibration signals in the different speeds, the frequency component is divided into two parts of a comparative study repeated part and the rules. The obtained experimental results consistent with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the correctness of the method used.
Keywords： High-speed electric spindle,Vibration, Analysis of the harmonic and small
wave, Fault diagnosis
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重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文） 目录
摘要 ................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT .................................................................................. II 1 绪论 .......................................................................................... 1
1.1课题学术和使用意义 ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外现状 ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................... 4
2 高速电主轴故障理论分析 ...................................................... 4
2.1高速电主轴故障原因分析 ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1电主轴的谐振现象 ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2电主轴的电磁振荡 ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.3电主轴的机械振动 ............................................................................................................. 6 2.2高速电主轴故障信号特征分离和提取方法研究 .................................................................... 8 2.2.1信号盲分离方法 ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2时频滤波方法 ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3自适应滤波方法 ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2.4自适应信号分解方法 ....................................................................................................... 11 2.3本章小结 .................................................................................................................................. 12
3 高速电主轴轴心轨迹的测试 ................................................ 13
3.1高速电主轴的频谱分析 .......................................................................................................... 13 3.2 高速电主轴频谱分析的作用 ................................................................................................. 14 3.3 高速电主轴进行提取轴心轨迹的方法和步骤 ..................................................................... 14 3.3.1 工作流程 .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.2 结合电主轴进行频谱分析 .............................................................................................. 15 3.4 高速电主轴谐波小波法提取轴心轨迹 ................................................................................. 17 3.4.1 高速电主轴转子轴心轨迹的谐波小波提纯 .................................................................. 18 3.5高速电主轴故障测试 .............................................................................................................. 19 3.5.1 测试系统 .......................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.2 测试方法
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3.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................. 24
4 高速电主轴轴心轨迹的分析 ................................................ 24
4.1电主轴常见故障及其频谱特征 .............................................................................................. 24
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