③ See Yochai Benkler, From Consumers to Users: Shifting the Deeper Structures of Regulation toward Sustainable Commons and User Access,Fed. Comm. L. J. 52(2000),p. 562
④ 事实上，在有体财产领域，这一原理也饱受批评，具体参见Louis Kaplow & Steven Shavell, Do Liability Rules Facilitate Bargaining: A Reply to Ayres and Talley,Yale L. J.105 (1995).
⑤ 伯尔尼公约第九条中规定的合理使用“三步测试法”是：例外必须限定在“特定的特殊情形”中；不影响作品的正常使用；没有不合理地损害权利人的正当利益。美国著作权法第107条规定合理使用的“四要件”是：利用的目的与性质；作品的性质；利用作品的比例；对作品潜在市场价值的影响。
注释:
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