作者：邓永坤，赖泳，董寿堂，王银辉，李凤贤
【摘要】 目的探讨胡椒醇提液外用对兔耳轻度冻伤的治疗效果。方法用－15℃左右低温液复制兔耳轻度冻伤模型，冻伤后48h开始在兔冻耳涂抹胡椒70%乙醇提取液治疗，2 d后测定血清中SOD活性、MDA和TNF-α含量，4 d后评价冻耳外观正常与否及变形程度，制作冻耳组织病理切片，显微镜下观察冻耳组织病理变化，同时测定血清与冻耳组织中SOD活性、MDA和TNF-α含量。结果用胡椒70%乙醇提取液治疗2 d后血清中SOD活性显著增加，MDA量显著降低，TNF-α量无明显变化。治疗4d后血清中SOD活性、MDA和TNF-α含量均无明显差异，但冻耳组织中SOD活性与TNF-α水平显著提高，MDA量显著降低。另外冻耳外观评价与组织病理检查显示冻耳组织坏死范围减少，修复速度明显提高。结论胡椒70%乙醇提取液局部外用对轻度冻伤有治疗作用。
【关键词】 胡椒； 冻伤； 治疗作用
Abstract：ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of alcohol extract from pepper on mild and moderate frostbite of rabbit ear. MethodsThe right rabbit ear, within 7 cm scope from apex conchae auris toward sulcus auriculae posterior, was immersed into cold liquid at -15℃ to establish an experimental model of mild and moderate frostbite. 2 d after frostbite, 70% alcohol extract from pepper was applied onto surface of ears frozen. SOD activity, MDA and TNF-α levels in serum were determined 2 and 4 d after treatment. Then after application for 4 d, SOD activity, contents of MDA and TNF-α in tissue of ear frozen were detected. In addition, the recovery profiles of ear frozen like appearance variables and histopathologic features were surveyed.ResultsSOD activity in serum significantly increased 2 d after treatment with 70% alcohol extract from pepper, MDA level significantly decreased and TNF-α level had no difference. SOD activity, MDA and TNF-α concentrations in serum showed no differences after administration for 4 d.In tissue of the affected ear, SOD activity and TNF-α contents were obviously at high levels at this time, MDA content was the opposite. On the other hand, the appearance review and histopathologic examination both manifested that topical application of 70% alcohol extract from pepper diminished necrotic regions of ear frozen, accelerated tissue repair after frostbite. Conclusion 70% alcohol extract of pepper has pharmacological activity on mild and moderate frostbite healing.
Key words：Pepper; Frostbite; Therapeutic effect
胡椒是传统中药，为胡椒科植物胡椒Piper nigrum L.的干燥近成熟或成熟果实。民间有用胡椒粉煮水或泡酒擦洗患处治疗冻疮的用法，并且疗效确切。笔者所在研究组欲对胡椒抗冻疮作用进行动物实验验证，通过查阅中外文献数据库（包括中国CNKI和VIP科技论文全文数据库，美国Gale、Pubmed和HighWire Press数据库），未能检索到动物冻疮实验模型的报道。研究组曾根据冻疮病因病机试制动物冻疮模型，但均未成功。临床上认为Ⅰ，Ⅱ度（轻度）冻伤和冻疮的临床表现及治疗基本一致，因此在没有冻疮动物模型可用的情况下，药物对轻度冻伤的疗效仍可作为对冻疮治疗作用的参考，有积极意义。