高考分词短语考点剖析与精炼

2021-05-13 10:58

 摘 要:非谓语动词中的分词(短语)向来是历届高考语言基础知识命题的一个热点,纵观近三年全国卷以及各省市的命题,其中考查过去分词和现在分词作状语、后置定语和宾语补足语的考题非常多,尤其侧重考查了分词做后置定语和状语的用法。 
  关键词:高考;分词短语;考点剖析;精炼 
  中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码: A 文章编号:1992-7711(2016)10-074-01 
  本文着重从分词短语作状语、定语和宾语补足语的用法进行剖析 
  一、考查分词作状语用法 
  考例①【2015·天津单选5】. ______ (absorb)in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. 
  考例② 【2015·天津单选8】. ______ (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 
  考例③[14湖南单选27]. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____ (stare) at the night sky. 
  【分析】考例①答案为Absorbed .此题考查过去分词短语作状语,意义上相当于状语从句As he was absorbed in painting,考例②答案为Having worked ,相当于状语从句After he had worked for two days;考例③ 答案为staring.作伴随状语。 
  分词短语作状语时,可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随或是结果等情况, 
  Eg. ①. Children,when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. [14湖南单选21]. 表示时间 
  ②If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 【2013江西单选34】. 表示条件 
  ③Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 【2013北京单选24.】 
  表示原因④The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light. 【2013湖南单选25.】表示伴随情况 
  很多情况下分词短语作状语时,相当于一个状语从句(伴随和结果状语除外)。现在分词短语作状语时,分词所表动作与句子主语有逻辑上的主谓关系,而过去分词短语作状语时,与句子的主语存在逻辑上的被动关系或称之为动宾关系。如例1中的accompanied 与句子主语Children 为被动关系;例2中的asked与句子主语you(祈使句you省略)有主谓关系;例3中的Finding 与句子主语she之间为主谓关系。 
  二、考查分词作后置定语用法 
  考例①(2015新课标卷2 语法填空41) The adobe dwellings ______ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southeast are admired by… 
  考例②(2015新课标卷1语法填空68) A study of travelers _______ (conduct) by the Website TripAdvisor … 
  考例③(2015新课标卷1语法填空70) a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it regularly arrange qucik getways here for people _______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 
  【分析】:考例①答案为built,此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于which was built by …一定语从句。考例②答案为conducted,此题也考查现在分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which was conducted by the Website…考例③答案为living考查现在分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句who live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 

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