◆◆高中英语分类总复习--语法填空(◆◆名师版)(4)

2021-09-24 13:07

(我们又赢了五班)。

③strike还有“袭击”、“钟敲了几点”、“擦火柴”(strike a match)之意。

★3.take part in, join in, join, attend

都有“参加”之意。take part in与 join in指参与某项活动,join指“加入”某个团体、组织,attend强调“出席”,常用于以下名词前:attend the meeting/concert ,attend classes/ school/a lecture等。如:

It is useful to take an active part in after-school activities.

Please join us and play together.

Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.

★4. talk, speak, say, tell

都有“说”的意思。talk与 speak表示“交谈、说话”时常为不及物动词,要与介词连用,如:talk/speak with/to sb of/about sth;表示“讲什么语言”要用speak ;say强调说话的内容;tell着重“讲述、告诉”,常用短语有tell sb sth, tell a lie(说谎),tell the difference between A and B(说出/分清A 和B的区别),tell A from B(区别A 和B)。

2、It充当形式主语或形式宾语

★(1)充当形式主语,替代不定式、动名词、从句等,如:

It is important for us to set goals.

It is a great pity that he can’t attend the concert with us.

注意:

①当句子的表语是a waste of time, no use, no good 等时,真正的主语常使用动名词,其句式为“It is a waste time/ no use/ no good +doing sth”,如:

There goes the saying, “ It’s no use crying over spilt milk”.

俗话说,“覆水难收”。

It is a waste of time waiting here for him.

②常使用形式主语It代替主语从句的句式有:

It is estimated that… 据估计 It is said that… 据说

It is well-known that…众所周知 It is reported that…据报道

It seems/ed that… 好像 It so happened that… 碰巧

(2)充当形式宾语,替代不定式、动名词、从句等,如:

Someone feel it comfortable to wear school uniforms.

语法填空

He considered it no good giving money to the beggars.

Many of us take it for granted that our parents give us everything we need.

★3、“介词+关系代词”的用法

在定语从句中,当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时,为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑,可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面,如: Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now?

He is the man of whom we are proud.

在使用“介词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题:

(1) 介词的确定

介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配,如: Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)

He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他做了架望远镜,通过这部望远镜他可以观察天体(through which 即through the telescope)。

注意:有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如:

This is the watch which you’re looking for。

He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on. 他是个你可以完全依赖的人。

(2)介词放在关系代词之前时,只用which, whom不用that, who。当关系代词指代人时,用whom,关系代词指代物时,用which,如:

Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter?

He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.

This is the man from whom I learnt the news.

(3)、当表示时间、地点或原因的先行词放在从句中做状语时,也可以使用“介词+关系代词”的结构,一般情况下where=in which, why=for which, when = on/in which,如: We can’t find the house where/in which we used to live.

Do you still remember the day when/on which we went to the beach?

注意:介词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定,当先行词表示时间时,介词还可以使用in(在那年、月等),during(在、、、、、、期间),by(到、、、、、、为止)等,地点是station, bus stop等时也可以使用at 。

(4)、当先行词是物时,作定语的引导词whose +n = the +n.+ of which 或 of which + the+ n.,如:

He lives in the room of which the window faces south.

(5) from where 的用法

from where实际上属于“介词+副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句,表示“从那里”,如:

He stood behind the curtain, from where he could see what was happening outside.他站在窗帘后面,从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。

4、现在分词与过去分词做表语的区别

多数情况下,如果主语是人,表语使用过去分词,即“人+ be\look 等 +动词ed形式”; 如果主语是事或物,表语使用现在分词,即“物+ be\look 等+动词 ing形式”。如: 事实上,当表示主语处于某种状态中,即“感到/觉得、、、、、、”,表语要使用过去分

语法填空

词时,所以有时主语是物时也要使用过去分词;而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感到、、、、、、的特征/性质”,表语使用现在分词,包括有时主语是物时也要使用现在分词。如: 他很吓人。(指他的长相或举动令人害怕)。

He is terrified.

他很害怕。

请描述一只惊恐的狗(狗受到了惊吓)。

请描述一只令人害怕的狗。

类似常用的过去分词有:interested, excited, surprised, puzzled, amused, confused, embarrassed, satisfied;

类似常用的现在分词有:interesting, exciting, surprising, puzzling, amusing, confusing, embarrassing, satisfying。

5、不能用被动语态的情况:

1、所有的不及物动词和某些短语不能用被动语态,常见的有如下几个:

表示“发生”的词/短语happen ,take place, break out ,occur, catch fire,还有appear(出现), disappear(消失),belong to(属于)等。

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