中考英语总复习专项突破语法复习精品学案
语法四 介词
考点一 时间介词) 1.in, at, on
in后接时间段,即在较长的一段时间内;at后接时间点,即钟点、(做某事的)时刻等;on后接特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、节日。 ★巧记时间介词in, on, at用法 年月周前要用in,具体日子要用on。 at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连。 黎明终止和开端,at与之紧相伴。 今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前, at, in, on都不填,此乃习惯记心间。 2.during, in
during和in都表示一段时间。 但during更加强调时间的延续性,可以表示在一段时间内自始至终的状态。
I went to the post office during the meal.吃饭时我去了邮局。 3.for, since
for和since表示的时间状语都有延续之意,“for+时间段”表示“延续多久”,作时间状语时,句子可用过去时、完成时或将来时;since后接表示时间点的短语,意为“自从(过去某时)以来”,说明自过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与完成时连用。 She has studied English for ten years.她学英语已经有10年了。
The factory has been here since the 1970s.这家工厂从20世纪70年代起就在这里了。 4.in, after
in和after后都可以接时间段,表示“……(时间)之后”,in用于将来时,after用于过去时。
I'll come in an hour.我一小时后回来。 He got back after 10 years.十年后他回来了。 5.by, before
by表示“截止至……;到……为止”,包括其后的时间;before则表示“在某时之前”,
1
不包括其后的时间。
You should get your homework by Friday.你应该最迟于星期五把作业准备好。(包含星期五)
Can you come and meet me before Friday?你能在星期五之前来见我吗?(不包含星期五) 单项选择
1.Did you read your favorite books April 23? It was World Book Day. A.for
B.at
C.on
D.in
2.The Dragon Boat Festival falls May or June every year. A.in
B.on
C.at
D.between
3.I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive two hours. A.in
B.after
C.over
D.for
4.Our classes are over noon and then we go to have a rest 1:00 in the afternoon.
A.at; at B.in; in 考点二 方位介词
in+国家、城市等较大地点??
1.in, at, on表地点?at+学校、车站等较小地点
??on往往表示某个物体的表面,如on the deskin指范围内??
2.in, on, to表方位?on指范围外且接壤
??to指范围外但不接壤
C.in; at D.at; in
说明: B is in the east of A.
C is on the east of A. D is to the east of A.
across从表面越过??
3.across, through, past?through从里面穿过
??past从旁边经过4.表示“上”的介词
2
??
on“在……上面”,表示两者相接触?over“在……正上方”;反义词under“在……正下方”
??above“在……上方”,不一定垂直;反义词below“在……下方”,不一定垂直
5.表示“下”的介词???under强调在某一物体的正下方??
below指在下方,但不一定是正下方
6.表示“前”的介词
???in front of“在(外部)……的前面”,AB互不包含,反义词是behind
??
in the front of“在(内部)……前面”,A在B范围内,反义短语是at the back of
7.between/among
???between“在……(两者)之间”,常构成between...and...“在……和……之间”? ?
among在……(三者或三者以上)之间 单项选择
1.The earth goes the sun. A.around
B.through
C.between
D.across
2.In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy. A.beside
B.among
C.up
D.through
考点三 表示交通方式、手段或工具的介词
1.by, in, on表示交通方式???by+交通工具的单数形式?
?
on/in+限定词+交通工具的单数形式by bike=on a/the/one's bike
?2.表示手段或?in指用语言、话语、声音等
?by表示凭借某种手段,后接名词或
工具的介词?动名词
?with指用工具、手段等
单项选择
1.Students here often do physics experiments small groups. A.by
B.in C.for D.at
3
2.More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now. A.with B.on 考点四 其他常考介词
1.without“没有”,后面接名词或动名词。
She just left without saying a word.她一句话没说就走了。 2.including“包含;包括”。
The price is $100, including your meals.价钱是100美元,包括你的饭钱。 3.with“和;具有,带有;用;以;由于”,常表示伴随。
She came back with a letter in her hand.她手里拿着一封信回来了。 4.against“反对;靠着,倚着”,反义词for“赞成;支持”。 There is a ladder against the wall.有架梯子靠在墙上。 5.except, except for, but与besides。
①except表示“除……之外(不再有)”,强调不被包括在内。
The office is open every day except Sundays.办事处除了星期天以外天天开门。 ②except for“除……之外”,指排除不同类的事物。
I had nothing on except for my trousers.除了裤子我什么都没穿。
③but与except同义,表示“除了”,常用于no one, nobody, all等代词后。 There's no one but me.这里除了我没有别人。 ④besides表示“除……之外还有”。
What languages do you know besides Chinese and English?除了汉语和英语以外你还懂什么语言? 单项选择
1.—Would you like something to drink, Mom?
—Yes, I'd like a cup of coffee nothing in it. A.with
B.without
C.for
D.to
C.in
D.by
2.President Xi said that people in the world should build a community a shared future. A.to
B.at
C.with
D.from
3.—Do you agree my plan?
4
—Yes, it is wonderful. A.in
B.with
C.of
D.against
4. Let's put the piano over there, the wall. A.above
B.against
C.across
D.around
考点五 常用固定搭配
What/How about ...? ……怎么样? with the help of ...在……的帮助下 from ... to ... 从……到…… get to到达 on duty值日;值班 (一)单项选择
—What are you doing?
—I'm looking the kids. They should be back for lunch now. A.after
B.at
C.for
D.up
(二)用适当介词填空
In today's world, sleep experts often say that for a better night's rest, Americans should turn their smart phones or iPads before sleeping.
参考答案
考点一 1~4 CAAA 考点二 1~2 AA 考点三 1~3 BD 考点四 1~4 ACBB 考点五 (一)C (二)off
5