2016年高考试题(英语)江苏卷 解析版(2)

2020-05-05 15:42

一、表示整体中的部分

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人,它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果,其中有一些伤得很厉害。

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋,六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。

There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶,一瓶快喝完了,另一瓶没完全喝完。

The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆,其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系

He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书,书名我忘了。 句中的the name of which=whose name。

It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。 句中的the details of which=whose details。 考点:考查定语从句

24. — Can you tell us your _____ for happiness and a long life? — Living every day to the full, definitely. A.

recipe

B. record

C. range

D. receipt

【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析:考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条;句意:—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗?—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”,与上下文相符。 考点:考查名词辨析

25. He did not _____ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A. approach 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗争,努力解决;compromise妥协;和解;让步;communicate交流;句意:他并容易妥协,但是对于正义的事业,他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。 考点:考查动词词义辨析

26. ______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. A.

Because

B. If

C. Unless

D. While

【答案】D

B. wrestle

C. compromise

D. communicate

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【名师点睛】

连词while根据上下文有以下不同作用和含义。 一、引导时间状语从句 译作“当??时”。例如:

1. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁着有太阳晒晒草。(乘机行事,抓紧时机。) 2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. 趁着现在还年轻,我们必须刻苦学习,获得更多的知识。 二、引导让步状语从句

常放在句首,译作“尽管”、“虽然”,比although或 though语气要轻。例如: While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 虽然我相信那是真的,但我无法证明。 三、引导条件状语从句

相当于as long as,译作“只要”。例如:

1. While there is life, there is hope.有生命,就有希望。

2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient. 只要病人还有一息生机,医生就有责任挽救。 四、引导原因状语从句

相当于since,有“既然”的意思。例如:

1. You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant. 你这么奢侈,永远存不下钱来。 2. I'd like to get it settled today while we're at it. 既然我们着手干了,我想今天就把它干完。 五、连接并列句

表示对比,相当于whereas,译作“而”、“可是”。 例如:

1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.

从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作,不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假,就会被太阳变黑。

2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的,而静止是相对的。 六、连接并列句 表示递进,相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如:

The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨,因此能大大减少修补工作,而且做好的衣服价廉物美,数量也多。 考点:考查连词

27. If it ____ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been 【答案】A

B. should not be

C. were not to be D. should not have been

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【名师点睛】

有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致(例如一个与过去事实相反,另一个与现在事实相反),这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中,动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。 例句:

She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense. 如果她有一些常识的话,她就决不会像那样做了。 If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。

句型说明: 错综时间条件句中,特别注意时间状语,在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同,否则就按一般时间搭配使用。 考点:考查虚拟语气

28. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _____ within the work. A.

to hide

B. hidden

C. hiding

D. being hidden

【答案】B

【名师点睛】

过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来,因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。

例如: He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。

也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义,只表示主动意义,强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。

例如: fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳

注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:

1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如: We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。例如:

They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。

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2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。 例如:The student dressed in white is my daughter.

=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。

3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。

例如: There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方 式、时间、程度、性质等意义。

例如: This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。

5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。 考点:考查分词做定语

29. Dashan, who ______ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A. will be learning B. is learning 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析:考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”,该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用,本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时,强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。 考点:考查时态

30. Many businesses started up by college students have _____ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A. fallen off 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析:考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落,下降;take off起飞,成功,受欢迎;turn off关闭;leave off停止,中断;句意:由于良好的创业环境,很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。 考点:考查动词短语辨析

31. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ______ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected. A. explicit 【答案】A

B. ambiguous

C. original

D. arbitrary

B. taken off

C. turned off

D. left off

C. had been learning D. has been learning

考点:考查形容词词义辨析

32. —Only those who have a lot in common can get along well. — _________ . Opposites sometimes do attract.

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A. I hope not 【答案】D 【解析】

B. I think so C. I appreciatethat D. I beg to differ

试题分析:考查交际用语。I hope not我可不希望这样;I think so我认为如此;I appreciate that我很感激;I beg to differ恕我不能同意;本题的关键词是后句“Opposites sometimes do attract.”意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。说明对话两个人的意见并不一致。故D项“恕我不能同意”符合上下文。 考点:考查交际用语

33. Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams. A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入;keep track of记录;take advantage of利用;give rise to引起;句意:父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。 考点:考查短语辨析

34. Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged C. did they encourage 【答案】C

B. had they encouraged D. they encouraged

【名师点睛】

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until? 等。例如: Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。 2. so, neither, nor作部分倒装

用这些词表示\也\、\也不\的句子要部分倒装。例如: Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。 If you won't go, neither will I.你不去,我也不去。 3. only在句首,且强调状语时,句子也必须部分倒装。 例如:Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 其他部分倒装

1) so? that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。 2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如: May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

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