摘要
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不同处理对山合欢种子萌发及幼苗生长的研究
（西南林业大学 生命科学学院 昆明 650224）
摘要：自然状态下，山合欢（Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain）种子的硬实率较高，本
试验用40％氢氧化钠、30％双氧水、无水乙醇、98％浓硫酸、赤霉素(GA3)、热水、擦破种皮处理山合欢种子，研究各处理对山合欢种子萌发的影响。结果表明： 1. 山合欢种子的发芽势为1.33％，发芽率为2.00％，硬实率为98.00％。说明了自然状态下，山合欢种子的硬实率确实较高。
2. 98％的浓硫酸浸种后发芽势和发芽率都随着处理时间的延长而提高，处理9min后下降。浸种7min发芽率最好，发芽率为76.67％，发芽较为整齐。从幼苗生长来看，植株高、茎细，根长较短。幼苗的干鲜重、壮苗指数和根冠比随着98％浓硫酸处理时间的延长而降低。
3. 水温处理的发芽势和发芽率随着处理温度的升高而提高，80℃热水处理时的发芽势和发芽率最高，发芽率为54.67％。其幼苗矮、较粗壮，根长较长，干鲜重较高。幼苗的壮苗指数和根冠比高于98％浓硫酸浸种。
4. 擦破种皮处理的发芽势和发芽率分别为16.67％、18.33％。其幼苗矮、较粗壮，根长较长，干鲜重稍低于80℃热水处理，幼苗的壮苗指数和根冠比高于98％浓硫酸浸种和80℃热水处理。
5. GA3、无水酒精、40％的氢氧化钠以及30％的双氧水溶液浸种对山合欢种子的发芽率影响不大。
6. 综上所述，80℃热水和浓硫酸浸种对山合欢种子萌发及幼苗生长的效果较好。因此在实际生产中，建议采用80℃热水浸种或98％的浓硫酸浸种7 min对山合欢种子进行处理，以获得理想的育苗效果。
关键字：山合欢（Albizzia kalkora(Roxb.)Prain）、硬实、种子萌发、幼苗生长
Abstract
Effects on germination and seedling growth with different treatments for seeds of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain 1
Li Chuan
(southwest forestry university resources institute Kunming 650224)
Abstract:Under the natural condition,The rate of hard seed of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain is higher.The seeds of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain were treated by the 40%Sodium hydroxide solution,the 30%hydrogen peroxide aqueous,the anhydrous ethanol,the 98%concentratrated sulfuric acid,GA3 and soaking in the hot water, scraping the seed coat.To study their effects on the seed germination of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain.The results show that:
1. The germination polential,the germination rate and the rate of hard seed of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain were1.33%,2.00%and 98.00%.It’s showed,Under the natural condition,The rate of hard seed of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain is really higher. 2. The germination polential and the germination rate were increasing when the time of the seed soaking by the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid was extending.Soaking 9min’s was down,the germination rate with soaking 7min was the best,It was 76.67%,the germination of was tidier.In view of the seedling growth,the seedlings were more slender,the root length was shorter,the color of leaves was lighter,the fresh weight,dry weight,the robust seedling and the RSR of the seedling were declining when the time of the seed soaking by the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid was extending.
3. The germination polential and the germination rate were increasing when the temperature of the seeds soaking in the hot water was increasing.It was best what was soaking in the hot water of the 80℃,the germination rate was 54.67%,the germination was tidy.The seedlings were stockier,the root length was longer,the color of the leaves was darker,the fresh weight and the dry weight were heavier.It's compared with soaking by the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid,the robust seedling and the RSR was higher. 4. The germination polential and the germination rate of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain seeds treated by scraping seed coat by abrasive cloth were16.67%,18.33%.The
Abstract
seedlings were stockier,the root length was longer,the color of the leaves was darker,the fresh weight and the dry weight were small lighter than soaking in the hot water of the 80℃.It's compared with soaking by the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid and soaking in the hot water of the 80℃,the robust seedling and the RSR was higher.
5. The seed-soaking treatments with GA3,the 40%Sodium hydroxide solution,the 30% hydrogen peroxide aqueous and the anhydrous ethanol had no significant effect on the germination potential and rate of Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain seeds.
6. In summary,the effects of germination and seedling growth after soaking in the hot water of the 80℃ or soaking in the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid were better. Therefore,in actual production,The suggestion is soaking in the hot water of the 80℃ or soaking 7 min in the 98%concentrated sulfuric acid for Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain seeds,and gets a good breeding results.
Keyword: Albizzia kalkora (Roxb.)Prain、hard-seeded、seed germination、
seedling growth
目录
目录
1前言 .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 山合欢概述 ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 山合欢的形态特征 ..................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 山合欢生产地分布及生长习性 ................................................................. 1 1.1.3 山合欢价值及其研究进展 ......................................................................... 1 1.2 硬实种子破除意义 ................................................................................................ 2 1.3促进种子萌发的措施 ............................................................................................. 2 1.4 合欢种子的硬实现象 ............................................................................................ 4 1.5 本研究的目的和意义 ............................................................................................ 4 2 材料及方法 ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 试验材料与仪器 .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 试验方法 ................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1发芽势、发芽率及硬实率的测定方法。 .................................................. 6 2.2.2 物理处理法 ................................................................................................. 6 2.2.5数据处理 ...................................................................................................... 8
3 结果与分析 ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 发芽势、发芽率和硬实率测定结果 .................................................................... 9 3.2 擦破种皮对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 ................................................ 9 3.3 不同水温处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 ........................................ 9 3.4 GA3浸种处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 ........................................ 10 3.5 60度热水和GA3浓度结合处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 .......... 10 3.6 无水酒精浸种处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 .............................. 11 3.7 氢氧化钠浸种处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 .............................. 11 3.8 双氧水浸种处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 .................................. 11 3.9 浓硫酸处理对山合欢种子发芽势和发芽率的影响 .......................................... 11
目录
3.10擦破种皮、80度热水和浓硫酸浸种对山合欢幼苗生长的影响 .................... 12
3.10.1擦破种皮、80度热水和浓硫酸浸种对山合欢幼苗株高、根长和茎粗的影响 ................................................................................................................... 12 3.10.2 擦破种皮、80度热水和浓硫酸浸种对山合欢幼苗鲜重和干重的影响 ............................................................................................................................... 12 3.10.3擦破种皮、80度热水和浓硫酸浸种对山合欢幼苗的干物质含量、壮苗指数和根冠比的影响 ....................................................................................... 13
4 结论与讨论 ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.1 结论 ...................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 山合欢种子硬实率 ..................................................................................... 14 4.1.2 对山合欢种子的机械摩擦 ....................................................................... 14 4.1.3 对山合欢种子的温度处理 ..................................................................... 14 4.1.4 对山合欢种子的GA3浸种处理 ................................................................ 15 4.1.5 对山合欢的无水酒精、40％的氢氧化钠以及30％的双氧水溶液浸种 ............................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.6 对山合欢种子的浓硫酸浸种 ................................................................... 15 4.2 讨论 ...................................................................................................................... 16 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 17 指导老师简介 ..................................................................................................................... 19 致谢 ..................................................................................................................................... 20