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变频器加入数控机床实现理想的调速和控制
在数控机床上，变频器主要用于交流电动机的控制，它不但起了节能和调速的作用，而且它的软启动能够保护附属电气设备，避免直接启动给机械设备造成冲击，从而引起机械故障。因此变频器是理想的调速和控制装置。本文就变频器在数控机床上的应用及它在使用和维护中常见的问题进行阐述。
In CNC machine tools, mainly used for the control of inverter AC motor, it is not only the energy saving and control function, and it can protect the soft start, electrical equipment, avoid direct starting impact to machinery and equipment, resulting in mechanical failure. So the frequency converter speed regulation and control device is ideal. In this paper, the application of frequency converter in the NC machine tool and its use and common problems in maintenance are described.
整流器件作为变频器与三相交流电相连的部分，把三相交流电变成直流电。直流部分是变频器的信号控制部分。直流电部分取出所需的电压，带动驱动电路、检测电路和CPU控制器。驱动电路用来实现逆变器件的驱动，检测电路用来实现对温度、电流和电压的检测，CPU控制器实现判断和控
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制功能。而逆变器将直流电变换为所要求频率的交流电。通过逆变器的驱动电路实现对逆变器的驱动，从变频器输出的电就变成了电压为380V，频率可调的交流电，从而驱动电机完成预想的控制工作。
Rectifier devices as inverter and three-phase alternating current connected part, the three-phase alternating current into direct current. The DC part is frequency signal control part. The voltage required to remove the DC part, drive circuit, detection circuit and CPU controller. Drive circuit used to drive inverter device, the detection circuit is used to realize the detection of temperature, current and voltage, CPU controller to realize the judgment and control function. The inverter converts DC power for the required frequency AC. Through the drive circuit of the inverter used to drive the inverter, the inverter output power becomes a voltage is 380V, the adjustable frequency AC drive motor, thus complete control thought.
变频器的过载经常是因为加速时间短、直流制动量过大或电网电压太低等原因引起的。一般可通过延长加速时间、延长制动时间、检查电网电压等解决故障。而电机过载是由
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于变频器功率过小、电机负载过重而引起的，因此系统要选择合适的变频器以适应电机。
The inverter overload is often because short acceleration time, DC brake is too large or the voltage is too low cause. In general can be extended through the acceleration time, extend the braking time, check the power voltage troubleshooting. While the motor overload is due to inverter power is too small, the motor load caused by excessive, so the system should choose appropriate inverter to adapt the motor.
当电压过小或过大时，变频器的检测元件会自动保护变频器，变频器停止工作。欠压、过压故障主要是因为外部电源的故障引起的，也有少数故障是检测电路损坏引起的。如过压有可能是因为减速时间太短或制动电阻损坏造成的。遇到欠压、过压故障时，先检查检测电路是否完好，然后再对外部电源进行检查。
When the voltage is too large or too small, the detecting element converter will automatically protect the converter, inverter stop working. Undervoltage, overvoltage fault was mainly due to external power supply failure caused by, there are a few fault detection circuit damage. Such as overvoltage may be
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because the deceleration time is too short or braking resistor
damage.
Undervoltage,
overvoltage
encountered failure, first check the detection circuit is intact, and then on the external power supply for inspection.
当电流过大时变频器启动过流保护，变频器停止工作。一般可从外部电器和变频器本身分析过流故障。
When the current is too large when the frequency converter overcurrent protection, the inverter to stop working. Generally obtained from external electrical converter itself over-current fault analysis.
维修中，遇到过流故障，我们先用电流表测量变频器输出的电流。看输出电流是否平衡，如果输出不平衡，说明变频器内部器件有问题。
Repair, when overcurrent faults, we first use the current inverter output current meter. Look at the output current is balance, if the output is not balanced, internal devices have problems that inverter.
变频器周围所有继电器、接触器的控制线圈上需加装防止冲击电压的吸收装置，尽量缩短控制回路的配线距离，并使其与主线路分离，采用屏蔽线回路。
Control coil transducer around all relay,
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contactor must be equipped to prevent absorption device of impulse voltage, shorten distribution distance control loop, and make it separate from the main line, use the shielded wire loop.
数控机床的变频器安装时，由于其集成度高，整体结构紧凑，自身散热量较大的特点，对安装环境的温度、湿度和粉尘含量以及电网质量要求较高，保证变频器在较低的温度状态下运行是延长变频器寿命的基本要求。变频器在使用前应对现场的外部条件进行检查，不能满足要求时应采取有效措施加以解决，从而杜绝外部环境对变频器的影响。
Install the inverter of NC machine tool, because of its high integration, compact structure, characteristics of heat dissipating capacity larger, on the installation of environmental temperature, humidity and dust content and power quality requirements higher, ensure the inverter in the temperature state operated under low frequency converter is to extend the basic requirements of life. Inverter inspected before use in response to the external conditions, can not meet the requirements shall take effective measures to solve them, so as to avoid the influence of external environment on the
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frequency converter.
总之，在数控机床的使用过程中，我们还会遇到许多关于变频器的问题，造成变频器故障的原因很多，需要我们仔细分析，不断地学习，总结经验教训，相信通过不断发现问题解决问题，我们的理论水平和实践技术能力一定会得到进一步的提高。
In short, in the use of the process of NC machine, we will encounter many problems about inverter, inverter fault caused by many reasons, we need careful analysis, continuous learning, sum up experience lesson, believe that through continued to find problems, our theoretical level and practical skills will be further improved.