8A Unit1 Grammar
比较级和最高级
Comparative and superlative adjectives
注： 形容词和副词才有比较级和最高级
一、 单音节与部分双音节词
1. 直接+er/est long-longer-longest short-shorter-shortest small-smaller-smallest quick-quicker-quickest slow-slower-slowest clean-cleaner-cleanest fast-faster-fastest hard-harder-hardest high-higher-highest straight-straighter-straightest
2. 以e结尾的单词+r/st nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest late-later-latest cute-cuter-cutest wide-wider-widest close-closer-closest large-larger-largest polite-politer-politest 3. 以辅音字母+y, 去y+ier/iest
表示天气的形容词 sunny/windy/cloudy/rainy/snowy/dry 形容人的词 pretty/lazy/angry/shy/sporty/ funny
注： shy-shyer-shyest shy-shier-shiest shyly-more shyly-most shyly friendly -friendlier-friendliest friendly-more friendly-most friendly lovely-lovelier-loveliest lovely-more lovely-most lovely 形容事的词 easy/early/heavy/empty
noisy-nosier-nosiest healthy-healthier-healthiest lucky-luckier-luckiest 4. 一个元音字母+一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写辅音+er/est big/thin/slim/fat/sad/glad/red/hot/wet/fit/mad
big-bigger-biggest slim-slimmer-slimmest fat-fatter-fattest
不规则变化
many/much-more-most few-fewer-fewest little-less-least good/well-better-best bad/ill/badly-worse-worst
far-farther-farthest表距离远 further-furthest表程度深
old-older-oldest年龄大小 elder/eldest有血缘关系的长幼顺序 二、多音节词 more/most
常见形容词 important/interesting/generous/honest/popular/famous e.g. important-more important-most important
情感类形容词 bored/boring/excited/exciting/tired/tiring e.g. excited-more excited-most excited
以-ful 结尾的形容词 helpful/careful/grateful/cheerful e.g. helpful-more helpful-most helpful
以-ly 结尾的副词slowly/quickly/carefully/luckily/happily/noisily/healthily/easily e.g. slowly-more slowly-most slowly 比较级的用法
We use comparatives + than to compare two people or things. We usually add -er to short adjectives and use more with long adjectives to form comparatives. 形容词的比较级用于两个人或者两个事物之间的对比。短形容词我们加er, 长形容词我们加more。 判断方法
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1. than He looks ___________than I. (healthy)
区别： I have __________apples than you. many more+可数名词 I have __________milk than you. much more+ 不可数名词 2. A or B Which is __________, the earth or the moon.
Which is ___________one, the earth or the moon.(big) 3. 句子中有even/much/a lot/a little I felt even ___________. (hungry) He runs much ___________. (slow) He looks a lot ___________. (tired)
He is a little ___________than before. (fat) 4. 倍数+ 比较级
My house is three times __________than yours.(big)
5. 隐含条件
It's too expensive. Do you have a __________one? (cheap)
How beautifully he sings! I've never heard a __________voice.(good) 6. the+比较级，the+比较级 越...越...
The __________(hard)he works, the __________(happy)he feels. The __________(much)you eat, the __________(fat)you will be. 7. 比较级+比较级 越来越...
The weather is getting __________and __________.(cold) 注： 形容词、副词前面+less、least 表示较不或最不 less/least difficult more/most difficult
最高级的用法
We use the +superlatives to compare three or more people or things. We usually add -est to short adjectives and use most with long adjectives to form superlatives.
形容词的最高级用于三人及三人以上或三者或三者以上的比较。短形容词后面我们加est,长形容词后面我们加most。 判断方法
1. A、B or C三者的比较
Which color do you like __________(good), Green, white, or black? 2. One of + the + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数
The river is one of __________(long) rivers in our own. 3. in + some place
of/among +sb./ sth. 表范围
Kitty is __________(beautiful) in our class. He is __________of the four. (tall) 4. 序数词+最高级
The yellow river is the second __________river in China.(long) 5. 有定语从句放在名词后表范围用最高级
This is __________coat I have ever bought.(cheap) 注：副词最高级前的the可以省略 He runs __________in his class.(fast)
Of all the boys, he came __________.(early) 比较级和最高级的相互转换
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Kate is the tallest of all the girls.
= Kate is taller than the other girls. (其他所有女孩) =Kate is taller than any other girl.(其他任何女孩) 注： the other+名词复数 any other+名词单数 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than __________in China. =__________in China. =any of the other cities. Shanghai is larger than __________city in Japan. =__________city in China. 注： any 没有排除在外 any other 排除在外 Nanjing is bigger than __________city in Jiangsu. Shanghai is bigger than __________city in Jiangsu. China is larger than __________country in Africa. __________country in Asia. 注： any other+ 名词单数（同范围比较） any+ 名词单数 （不同范围比较）
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