16. Why does the Health and Safety Commission cause so much resentment? [A] The public are cursed with its violence. [B] Its rules and regulations are irrational. [C] It interferes with church practice.
[D] It adopts improper non-emergency policies. 17. We may infer from the second paragraph that
[A] Lawsuits against the regulation are mostly ridiculous. [B] Health and Safety are being universally resisted. [C] Councils and licensing authorities are destructive.
[D] The first concern in the public sectors is to avoid risks.
18. By saying “an industrial version…gone mad” (Line 1, Para. 3), the author probably means that [A] local councils are taking the regulations to extremes. [B] industries have yet to improve their accident record. [C] economic change demands a shift of responsibility.
[D] 1974 Act can not settle the political dispute as expected.
19. Besides councils, which of the following also yields to the lawsuit prone culture? [A] lawyers [B] the public [C] insurers [D] entertainers
20. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] Once bitten, twice shy [B] Things done cannot be [C] Take things as they come [D] Easier said than done
Part B
Part B
Directions: In the article, following sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]—[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Columbine High School, April 20, 1999 was the scene of a massacre, but in wake of this massacre America experienced an epiphany. Tragically, this was not the last we would hear about crimes of a similar nature to this one. From 1996 to 2000 an unprecedented stew of violence occurred. There were twelve incidents which received national coverage and left many millions
more questioning what happened, what went wrong, where did this come from. 21. ________________.
Walking into a public high school three years after the epiphany and one will witness a very different approach towards the matter. Let us take into consideration the following scenario: Student A occupies the parking spot of Student B, an exchange of vulgar profanity takes place. Both parties leave and there is no fight but a growing animosity is left in the minds in each of the groups. Teacher X witnesses the incident, hence informs the dean about the altercation. In the middle of the day Student A and Student B are beckoned from their respective classrooms to attend a mandatory Peer Mediation discussion. Both students meet confined in a room and with a student and the dean present. They are told to narrate the events that took place. The intended
outcome is acknowledgement of guilt by one side or clearing up misunderstandings. Peer Mediation is just one of many ways public schools throughout America are trying to prevent school violence.
22. ____________________.
Although peer mediation has found some success through the research of the University of Florida’s conflict resolution/peer mediation research project it is not the only method of prevention, says the center for prevention of school violence. 23. ________________________. This “think tank” that was started in 1993 believes that in order to create a safe environment in which students are worry free and are not in the constant anguish of looking over their shoulders, parents also need to get involved with their children. This gives the student a wholesome life style in which there are checks and balances from all aspects of daily life whether they are in family, school, or work.
24. _____________________. Where they differ is where to draw the lines as to what is the most productive and effective tool. By examining this aspect we would know where to concentrate our effort and resources. The National Crime Prevention Council is a leading authority on this issue. What does work, works on three different levels, identifying problems in an individual, engaging awareness of the issue, and promoting physical prevention features such as metal detectors. 25. _______________________.
[A] In order to understand the policy of public schools prevention and measure them we must see how these methods are implemented, what is that works in the prevention tactics.
[B] So what works is a balance of teachers, students, principles, parents, Law enforcement, and the community engaging in the three levels mentioned previously. According to NCPC there is a direct correlation between in community involvement in crime prevention and reported teen crimes.
[C] The solution does depend on the problem and identifying is very critical. At the same time you can not just for all the psychologists to submit their research and studies before something is done.
[D] Whether the events that were mentioned above are the social ramifications（of Media or Family is not the immediate concern. The immediate concern is what is it that we do now in the faith of common sense to immediately battle back.
[E] As far as this issue is concerned the solution to the problem will be identifying the root of the problem. Some people are quick to blame the media, while some blame parents, and others blame the schools themselves.
[F] It is their belief that schools need to incorporate a much larger concept of school safety. They need to design a plan for every area of the school from restrooms and locker rooms to the councilor’s office and the principal’s office.
[G] These were just some of the techniques and plans that have been drawn up. Many of them are similar. Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
26)It is not altogether easy to decide what is the root cause of the love of excitement, but I incline to think that our mental make-up is adapted to the stage when men lived by hunting. When a man spent a long day with very primitive weapons in stalking a deer with the hope of dinner and
when, at the end of the day, he dragged the carcass triumphantly to his cave, he sank down in contented weariness, while his wife dressed and cooked the meat. He was sleepy, and his bones ached, and the smell of cooking filled every corner of his consciousness. At last after eating, he sank into deep sleep. In such a life there was neither time nor energy for boredom. 27)But when he took to agriculture, and made his wife do all the heavy work in the fields, he had time to reflect upon the vanity of human life, to invent mythologies and systems of philosophy, and to dream of the life hereafter in which he would perpetually hunt the wild animals. Our mental make-up is suited to a life of very severe physical labor. I used, when I was younger, to take my holidays walking. 28)I would cover 25 miles a day, and when the evening came I had no need of anything to keep me from boredom, since the delight of sitting amply sufficed. But modern life cannot be conducted on these physically strenuous principles. A great deal of work is sedentary and most manual work exercises only a few specialized muscles. When London crowds assemble in Trafalgar Square to cheer to echo an announcement that the government has decided to have them killed, they would not do so if they had walked 25 miles that day. 29)This cure for aggressiveness is, however, impracticable, and if the human race is to survive — a thing which is, perhaps, undesirable — other means must be found for securing an innocent outlet for the unused physical energy that produces love of excitement. What is serious about excitement is that so many of its forms are destructive. It is destructive in those who cannot resist excess in alcohol or gambling. It is destructive when it takes the form of mob violence. And above all it is destructive when it leads to war. 30)It is so deep a need that it will find harmful outlets of this kind unless innocent outlets are available. There are such innocent outlets at present in sport, and in politics so long as it is kept in constitutional bounds. But these are not sufficient, especially as the kind of politics that is most exciting is also the kind that does most harm.
做题点拨与全文翻译
Part A
Text 1 语境词汇
1.well-rounded a.面面俱到的，经过周密计划的；具有多方面兴趣的 2.questionnaire n（作统计或调查用的）问卷，征求意见表 3.enroll vt.入学，登记，招收 4.doctorate n.博士学位
5.faculty n.（大学的）全体教员；院 ，系；才能, 能力 6.drain n.用尽，枯竭；排水沟vt.排泄；放干；使耗尽 7. consistent a一贯的，始终如一的；和?一致的（with） 8. humanity n.人文科学 9.lag behind 滞后，落后于 10.glum a.暗淡的
难句突破
1. [Discussing the study last week], Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently（expressed by graduate faculties and administrators）{that some of the individuals (who dropped out of PhD programs) were capable of completing the requirement for the degree} 【分析】复合句。discussing...作句首状语；said后的宾语从句主干为：the project was initiated；expressed by...作定语修饰concern；that引导同位语从句说明concern的内容，该从句中还包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰the individuals。
【译文】上周Tucker博士在讨论这一研究时说，发起该项目是因为研究生部门和管理人员时常关注这样一种情况：中途停止博士学习的人当中有一些是有能力完成学位要求的。 2.The main condition (which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts (who might consider returning to graduate school) would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job. 【分析】复合句。整个句子主干为：the main condition...would be to guarantee that...；主语部分较为复杂，包含分别由which和who引导的两个定语从句，其中which修饰condition，而who修饰the dropouts；that引导宾语从句。
【译文】那些可能会考虑返回学校继续学业的学生中至少有25%考虑的主要条件是能够保证他们目前的收入水平，有些情况下，有些学生希望能够保留目前的工作。
本文是一篇“事实证明型”论述文。文章主要围绕着博士生辍学的原因、生活状况进行了论述。第一、二段指出了博士生的辍学率，并论述了尽管他们没有完成博士的必修课程，但他们的收入水平并不是远远低于那些继续完成博士学业的学生；第三至八段主要论述了博士生辍学的原因及他们的生活状况；第九段得出结论：让辍学学生重返校园，前景非常暗淡。 答案解析 1.【题眼】观点总结处设题 【解析】选[A]，事实细节题。文章前两段说明现在很多博士生辍学，因此在第三段中总结了很多人的观点：Some people expressed the opinion… by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to …，由此可见[A]“应采取措施让学生回到校园”是正确答案。[B]“辍学的学生应回到更好的学校继续他们的学业”和[C]“拥有博士学位的人比那些辍学的人能更好地调整自己”原文未提及；第四段中提到：学生缺乏动力是辍学的主要原因，因此[D]“高辍学率主要因为教员缺乏激励因素”和原文不符。 2. 【题眼】列举处设题 【解析】选[D]，事实细节题。文章多处列举了调查的结果，其中倒数第二段前两句关于辍学学生和博士生的收入调查，结果是辍学学生比博士生收入要高，因此[A]不对；第四段中提到调查结果lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out，[B]“动力因素对博士学习是一个次要原因”同这一结果正好相反；第五段的调查结果most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their 全文翻译 教育家们非常关心博士生的高辍学率和由此导致的在需要博士人才的国家的人才损失。一些人认为辍学率已达50%。但是，这个损失率在很大程度上只是专家们的猜测。上周发表了一次全面的研究报告，它向24所大学的往届研究生发放了22，000份调查问卷，结果显示以前的很多忧虑是没有根据的。 [2]调查发现辍学率是31%。在大多数情形中，虽然辍学者没有完成博士必修课程，但都继续进行了富有成效的工作。根据该报告，[2] [5]他们(指辍学的学生)不仅经济效益可观，而且收入水平并不是远远低于那些继续完成博士学业的学生。 上周Tucker博士在讨论这一研究时说，发起该项目是因为研究生部门和管理人员时常关注这样一种情况：中途停止博士学习的人当中有一些是有能力完成学位要求的。博士层次的减员同时被认为是对宝贵的教学时间和学校资源的浪费，而学校资源的利用已经饱和。[1]一些人认为，通过说服辍学者返回研究生学院完成博士学位levels of ability or their specialties表明大多数辍学学生还是保持自己的专业，[C]错误；文章第二段第一句提到辍学率为31%，约三分之一，所以[D]为正确答案。 3.【解析】选[B]，语义理解题。对词义的推测必须要根据上下文的内容来进行推断。全篇内容都在讨论博士生辍学问题的严重性，而文章最后一句指出即使那些可能会考虑返回学校的学生还希望保留目前的工作，并保证目前的收入水平，因此看出学生重返校园的前景是很暗淡的，故 [B]项正确；其他几项都不能使文意合理连接。 4.【解析】选[C]，推理判断题。从四个选项可以看出此题是对meeting foreign language requirements for the PhD的相关内容做出判断。文章第七段第一句提到有关language的内容，有些人把failure to pass language exams作为辍学的原因之一。依此可以推断出[C]。[A]和原文第四段的调查结果不相符；[B]和[D]原文未提及。 5.【解析】选[A]，推理判断题。从倒数第二段可以得知博士生的收入水平不高，最后一段提出的解决办法中谈到要让学生返校必须保持他们的现有收入水平。因此收入过低成为辍学的一个重要原因，即[A]正确；而非因为辍学生收入更高才导致学生辍学，因而[C]不确切；[B]同第七段第一句：“75 %的辍学者．．．没有学术上的原因”不符；从最后一段最后一句知“保留目前的工作”只是他们希望的，但实际能不能保留，不得而知，故不正确。 必修课程，能够缓解当前高级专家和大学教师的缺乏状况。Tucker 博士总结道：“我们的研究结果不支持这些观点。” [2] [5]1.缺乏动力是辍学的主要原因。 2.大多数辍学者已经学到了和他们的能力水平或专业所需相称的程度。 3.大多数辍学者目前从事的工作和他们的教育水平和工作动机相一致。
将近75%的辍学者说他们做出辍学决定时并没有学术上的原因，[4]但那些提到学术原因的人给出的理由有：没有通过资格考试、没有完成研究论文和没有通过语言考试。在没有取得博士学位的最重要的个人原因中，缺少资助这一项引人注目，达到了19%。 这项研究还揭示了辍学者的生活究竟怎样。一份表格显示有2%的文科博士辍学者的年收入达到20，000美元以上，而相同背景的文科博士中却没有人达到这个数字。博士中有78%的人年收入在7，500美元和15，000美元之间，而辍学者中有50%处在这个收入水平。这可能表明这样一个事实：在学术界，虽然博士生的薪水会达到最高，但其高薪还落后于其他行业。 [3]至于是否可能让辍学者重返校园，前景非常黯淡。 [5]那些可能会考虑返回学校继续学业的学生中至少有25%考虑的主要条件是能够保证他们目前的收入水平，有些情况下，有些学生希望能够保留目前的工作。 Text 2 语境词汇
1.innovationn.n.革新，创新；新方法，新事物 2.publicize v.引起公众对?的注意；宣传，宣扬 3.algae n.海藻
4.tortillas n.玉米粉圆饼 5.maize n.玉米 6.hybrid n.杂交 7.antarctic a.南极的 8.palatability n. 美味
9.advocate n.提倡者；辩护者，律师v.拥护，提倡，主张 10. Substantially adv.充分地