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考研英语长难句突破讲义
适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。
课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗
户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。
课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练
第一部分 方法论讲解
? 引子 我们为什么要精读句子 ？
? 1.精读能力的要求 （消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区 目标：准确 【重要】精读
2．泛读能力的要求 （广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速
技能：高职 ? 阅读的实际过程是什么 知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文） 思维：研究生 思想：博士
? 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序
? 简单句的障碍来源
简单句：只有一套谓语的句子
基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语
? 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 ? 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分 problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） ? 前置定语：adj+名词 ? 后置定语：
形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词 this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem
介词短语：介词+名词 a bottle of water on the table
表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置 P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。
【不定代词定语置后】
? 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）
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关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词 物主代词：whose +完整句
关系连（副）词：where why when how +完整句
介词+关系代词：1宾语+非完整句 This is the expert/( to whom )we are turning. that/as 不能加2状语+完整句 There is something([ by the virtue of] which)(指代介词 something) the man is the man . in that=because 3定语+完整句 There are a lot of problems (of which )the fetching fresh water is the forest.
【 1拆分 2找指代 3定成分】
? 同位语:在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分。 普通同位语
A, B A or B
A of B 正式
同位语从句
that+完整句；处理办法：删除（中文中没有同位语）
? 插入语 处理办法：删除
? 状语 ： 处理方法：剥离/隔离
修饰谓语—— 修饰动词副词 adv，
介词短语,
修饰定语——修饰形容词 Ving,
Ved, to do,
独立主格结构
第三课时 例1：Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
例2：A few art collectors James Bowdoin Ⅲ of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.
? 非简单句的障碍来源
? 非简单句的障碍解决方案 ? 关联词和主句专一原则
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? 关联词 ?
主句专一原则
? 句子之间的关联方式 ? 1.并列
? 并列联词的用法
? 2.嵌套
? 常见的复杂句形式
? 层次化句子阅读方法 ? 1.层次化结构的表示形式
? 2.括号匹配法
? 画左括号的条件
? 画右括号的条件
例 3 ： The history of clinical nutrition or the study of ? the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents.
例4：The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also
in the North, though less spectacularly.
例5：The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteen-century tradition in which the making of
a clay model was considered the creative act and the
work was then turned over to studio assistants to be
cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble. 3. 完整信息链法
笔记区 小结区
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? 规则描述：
例1.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, and North American entrepreneurs—even without technological improvements—had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. 例2． Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. 笔记区
? 倒装
句的分析方法
? 1.部分倒装的处理方法
? 2.完全倒装的处理方法
? 2.1完全倒装的存在环境
? 2.2
例3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. 例4：Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious different being that it is often much heavier. 能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份
?
2.3完全倒装的判断流程
例1：Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of 笔记区 the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. 例2：Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. With the growing prosperity brought on by 例3： the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. 可可英语 http://www.kekenet.com
?
例8：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made
before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. 例9：Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. 例10：Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration from town and farm to city, within the
United States. 例11：Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. 笔记区