年产2万吨环氧丙烷

目录

第一章 绪 论 ··························································································· 5 1.1 原料的性质 ......................................................................................... 5

1.1.1 丙烯 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1.2 氯气 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1.3 石灰 ............................................................................................................ 5

1.2环氧丙烷性质及性能 .......................................................................... 5

1.2.1 产品名称与结构式 .................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 理化性质 .................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3环氧丙烷安全与毒性 ................................................................................. 6

1.3环氧丙烷市场发展简介 ...................................................................... 7 第二章 环氧丙烷工艺的选择 ··································································· 9 2.1典型工艺介绍 ...................................................................................... 9

2.1.1氯醇法 ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2共氧化法 ..................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3过氧化氢直接氧化法（HPPO法） ......................................................... 10 2.1.4氧气直接氧化法 ....................................................................................... 11

2.2工艺方法的选择 ................................................................................ 11

2.2.1氯醇法生产环氧丙烷机理 ....................................................................... 11 2.2.2反应速率的影响因素 .............................................................................. 12

第三章 工艺流程说明 ··············································································· 14 3.1生产过程 ............................................................................................ 14

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3.1.1氯醇法工序 .............................................................................................. 14 3.1.2皂化工序 .................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3精制工序 .................................................................................................. 17 3.1.4电石渣预处理工序 .................................................................................. 18 3.1.5废水预处理工序 ...................................................................................... 18

第四章 设计计算 ····················································································· 20 4.1 物料衡算 ........................................................................................... 20

4.1.1计算依据 .................................................................................................. 20 4.1.2 第1部分的物料衡算： ......................................................................... 21 4.1.3第2部分的物料衡算 .............................................................................. 22 4.1.4皂化塔的物料衡算 .................................................................................. 23 4.1.5 成品塔的物料衡算： ............................................................................. 25 4.1.6回收塔的衡算： ...................................................................................... 26

4.2热量衡算 ............................................................................................ 27

4.2.1 皂化第一冷凝器 ..................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 皂化第二冷凝器 ..................................................................................... 28 4.2.3 皂化第三冷凝器 ..................................................................................... 29 4.2.4 工艺水加热器 ......................................................................................... 30 4.2.5 皂化塔热量衡算 ..................................................................................... 30 4.2.6 成品塔的热量衡算 ................................................................................. 32 4.2.7 回收塔的热量衡算 ................................................................................. 32 4.2.8 蒸汽耗量总表 ......................................................................................... 33

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4.3非标准设备的计算及定型设备选型 ............................................... 33

4.3.1非标准设备的计算 .................................................................................. 34 4.3.2 定型设备的选择 ..................................................................................... 36 4.3.3 工艺管道计算 ......................................................................................... 36

第五章 安全与三废治理 ··········································································· 39 5.1 原料物的特征及防护措施 ............................................................... 39 5.2 废气的排放 ....................................................................................... 39 5.3 废水的排放 ....................................................................................... 40 第六章 技术经济分析 ··············································································· 41 6.1 成本计算 ........................................................................................... 41 6.2 前景分析 ........................................................................................... 42 第七章 结 论 ························································································· 43 参考文献 ····································································································· 44

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摘 要

本设计是年产2万吨环氧丙烷的工艺设计。设计采用了氯醇法进行环氧丙烷的生产。主要是利用氯气和水反应生成次氯酸，然后利用次氯酸与丙烯反应生成氯丙醇，氯丙醇再进入皂化塔与氢氧化钙反应生成产品环氧丙烷。

本设计共有七章。介绍了环氧丙烷生产工艺流程的选择和论证，对整个工艺装置进行了物料和能量衡算，对非标准设备和主要管道进行了计算和选型，最后对该工艺流程的安全生产和三废处理作了相关说明。

关键词 环氧丙烷；工艺设计；工艺流程；氯醇法

ABSTRACT

Chlorohydrination method was adopted for the process design of the production of

propylene oxide. Propylene and chlorine reacted in the presence of water to form the intermediate. and propylene chlorohydrin was dehydrochlorinated by a calcium hydroxide solution to form propylene oxide.

This design contains eight paragraphs. This document is mainly to introduce the demonstration and choosing of the process design for the production of propylene oxide. The calculation of material and energy balance of propylene oxide were carried out based on the technological equipments. The non-standard equipment equipments and main pipe lines were calculated and choosed. Finally, the work safety and three industrial wastes disposal was also introduced.

Keywords: propylene oxide；technological planning；process flow；chlorohydrination method

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第一章 绪 论

1.1 原料的性质

1.1.1 丙烯

分子式C3H6，结构式CH3-CH=CH2，分子量42，常温常压下，无色气体，带有甜味。气体的密度1.87 kg/m，液体的密度513.9 kg/m。熔点-185.2 ℃，沸点-47.7 ℃。化学性质很活泼，与空气混合形成爆炸性混合物，爆炸极限2.0～11.0％（体积）。主要用于制环氧丙烷、聚丙烯、丙烯腈等。一般由热裂化和催化裂化气体中分出，也是轻油裂解制乙烯时的副产品。

1.1.2 氯气

分子式Cl2，分子量70.91。在常温常压下，是一种黄绿色、具有刺激性气味的气体，能溶于水。沸点-34.6 ℃。密度3.17 kg/m。氯气的毒性很大，能刺激粘膜、呼吸道和眼睛，还可引起肺水肿，使用时要特别注意，防止中毒。氯气的化学性质非常活泼，能氧化几乎所有的金属、氢以及许多处于低价态的元素化合物，还能与水、碱等发生反应。氯气和氢气混合时能发生爆炸，爆炸极限为 4.0～96.0％（氢气体积含量）。氯气由氯碱车间供给，用电解饱和食盐水的方法制得。本工段通过氯气跟水及丙烯反应得到氯丙醇。此外氯可用于合成农药、塑料、纤维、橡胶等。

1.1.3 石灰

主要成分是氧化钙，分子式CaO，纯的为白色，含有杂质时为淡灰色或淡黄色，一般呈块状，有时呈粉状。露置在空气中渐渐吸收CO2而生成CaCO3。氧化钙的密度为3350 kg/m，熔点为2580 ℃。易溶于酸，难溶于水，但能与水化合生成氢氧化钙，可用石灰石置于石灰窖中煅烧而制得。

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1.2环氧丙烷性质及性能

1.2.1 产品名称与结构式 产品名称：环氧丙烷

英文名称：Propylene oxide；简称：PO

结构式

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