过去式
一、动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:
live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:
stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
过去式
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
过去式
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
过去式
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为―t,d‖时,发/ id /音,
want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要) (2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助)laugh →laughed (笑)look →looked (看) kiss →kissed (吻)wash →washed (洗) watch →watched (注视) (3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。 call →called (叫)stay→stayed (停留)cry→cried (哭)
基本概念
一般过去时动词规则变化
一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
时间状语
Ago(two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month?), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on.(填时间如:two days)ago
动词变化规则
规则变化:
1.直接加ed:work-- worked ,
过去式
2.以e结尾的单词,直接加d:live --lived
3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study studied
4以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy enjoyed
5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed: stop stopped
不规则变化:
have/has -- had,eat--ate, see—saw,am/is—was,are--were, go—went, do--did,take--took,run--ran,lend--lent,sleep--slept,get—got, meet—met, bring—brought, buy—bought, think—thought, say—said, give—gave, put—put,write--wrote,swim--swam,dig--dug,write--wrote
基本结构
主语+动词过去式+其他
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他?
例句She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.