语文学刊·外语教育教学
ingthatElka’sbastardsonwasherbrother,andthathersec－ondsonwashisson,andherdaughter,bornnottoolongafter,washischildalso.Thepeopleofthetownarehappytoenjoyeveryminuteofhislife,laughingandgigglingateveryliehebelievestobetrue.
Thenlet’scometotheclimaxofthestory,andthatiswhenGimpel’swifeisdyingandafterwards.OnElka’sdeathbed,sheconfessesthatnoneofthesixchildrenareactu－allyGimpel’sandaskshimtoforgiveher.AstheChinese
其言也善”whichmeansdyingmensayinggoes,“人之将死，
speaktrue.AlmostalthroughElka’slifesheisleadinganim－morallifewhichistheresultoftheimbalancebetweenherId,EgoandSuperego.Elka’sEgoIdealdoesn’tproviderulesforgoodbehaviourandstandardsofexcellencetowardswhichtheEgomuststrivefor,andshealwaysletthelibido(sexualin－stinct)drivehertoact.ThedeathbedconfessionindicatesthatElka’sId,EgoandSuperegoeventuallygetwellco-ordinated.AfterwardsGimpelhasadreaminwhichtheSpiritofEviltellshimtodeceivetheworldinhisturn.Also,theSpiritofEviltellshimthatthereisnoworldtocomeandthereisnoGodeither.Asaresult,Gimpeldecidestodeceivethewholetownbybakingbreadwithurinemixedinit.Gimpel’sId,EgoandSuperegoarenowinimbalance,andthedestructiveinstinctprovidedbytheIdgetstheupperhand.TheEgocannotwellnegotiatebetweentheIdandtheSuperegoforthemoment.Gimpel’http://www.77cn.com.cnter,Elkainhershroudap－pearsinGimpel’sanotherdream.ShesaysinGimpel’sdream,“Youfool!BecauseIwasfalse,iseverythingfalse,too?Ineverdeceivedanyonebutmyself.I’mpayingforitall,Gimpel.Theyspareyounothinghere.”(Singer,page87)Fromthesewords,thereadersfindElka’sEgohaseventuallycontrolledherIdandbeginstoacton“perfectionprinciple”.ItseemsthatElkahasrestoredhermoralsandbeliefinJewishriligionalthoughitisafteralongmentaljourneyandsheisdead.ThenGimpelalsorealizesthatafalsestepnowandhe
2009年第2期
willloseEternalLife.Atlast,heburiesthebreadandre－storeshismorals.HethendividesallofhismoneyamonghischildrenandleavesFrampolforhiswandering.Aftermany
—“Whateverdoesn’treallyhap－yearsheconcludeslikethis——
penisdreamedatnight.Ithappenstooneifitdoesn’thap－pentoanother,tomorrowifnottoday,oracenturyhenceifnotnextyear.”(Singer,page88)
Fromtheabovediscussion,thereaderswillsurelycon－cludethatGimpelisnotafoolbutagreatsaintbecausethethreecomponentsofhispersonality,theId,theEgoandtheSuperego,arewellbalancedandmosttimehisSuperegocon－stantlystrivesforperfectionideal.AlthoughGimpelhaslosthismoralsandactedagainsthisbeliefforashorttime,hemanagestobeattheevilspiritandrestorehisbeliefandmoralsintheend.Asthestorydescribes,thewholetownde－ceivesGimpleandseeshimasafoolwhichwilldestroyaman’sproperpride,butbecauseofhispersonality,morals,andhabits,Gimpelisabletocopewiththisdifficultlifeandeventuallyproveshimselftobeagreatsaint.Also,thereaderscanfeelSingertriestoadvocateapolicyofpunishingevildoersandencouragingpeopletodogood.———————————————
【References】
[1]程爱民.20世纪英美文学论稿[M].上海外语教育出版社，2001.[2]李维屏.英美文学研究论丛(第五辑)[M].上海外语教育出版社，
2006.
白劲鹏.文学导论[M].上海外语教育出版社，[3]邵锦娣，2001.[4]“GimpeltheFool:Intruduction.”ShortStoriesforStudents.Ed.
MarieRoseMapierkowski.Vol.2.Detroit:Gale,http://www.77cn.com.cn.January2006.21October2008.<http://www.77cn.com.cn/gimpel-fool/introduction>
[5]StuctureofMind:Freud’sId,Ego,&Superego.28July2004.<
http://www.77cn.com.cn/personality/L8perego.html>
-4StructureMindIdEgoSu－
大智若愚的圣贤
—《傻瓜吉姆佩尔》——从弗洛伊德的心理分析理论看辛格的
杨春泉
（宁夏大学外国语学院，宁夏银川750021）
［摘
要］小说《傻瓜吉姆佩尔》讲述了一个关于道德回归以及仁慈和邪恶斗争的故事，作者幸格成功地
塑造了一个清心寡欲的智慧型愚者。本文试图从弗洛伊德心理分析理论和潜意识人格结构理论出发，细致地阐释这部短篇小说的主要内容，最终提出幸格笔下的吉姆佩尔并不是一个傻瓜，而是一个了不起的圣贤。
［关键词］吉姆佩尔；傻瓜；弗洛伊德；心理分析；圣贤
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