新东方梅雪老师主讲的听力讲义
（四）传记与故事
范围：人物的传记与故事或轶事。
特点：
1. 多为叙述文。具有时间、地点、人物、情节四大要素，有鲜明的情节的发展与高潮或是主要经历和事迹。一般情节不太复杂。
2. 在结构上，按时间、情节的顺序排列。
3. 在语言表现上，词汇量大，复合句较多，有时语言含蓄。
4. 在信息传达上，冗余信息较多，预测更为重要。
5. 在提问的问题上，年代、地点、职业等为提问的内容，一般用When，where，who，what，why，how来提问。
Alexander Bell
The famous inventor Alexander Bell was born in l847 in Edinburgh，Scotland. He attended the Edinburgh High School and went on to university：first in Edinburgh and then in London. In l870 he emigrated to Canada. Three years later，the moved to Boston，where he started a school of vocal physiology for teachers of the deaf. Teaching the deaf to communicate was a problem he had always been interested in. In the same year，he became professor of vocal physiology at Boston University.
From his early experience with the study of sound，he became interested in the telegraph，a device which sends sounds by an electric current. During one experiment with his assistant，Watson，he was adjusting the tone of the telegraph's steel spring when he heard other sounds coming through the spring. This discovery showed him that the current could transmit the vibration of a person's voice. In 1876 he invented the telephone.
On April 3，1877，he completed the first telephone conversation between Boston and New York, a distance of more than two hundred miles.
Now people almost everywhere in the world can speak to each other by telephone. A special telephone can also transmit a picture of the speaker as well as the voice. This device lets deaf persons use the telephone. By lip reading，or watching the movements of the speaker's lips，a deaf person can actually see what the person at the other end of the line is saying.
Main points:
① Alexander Bell was a famous inventor.
② His main experience before he invented the telephone.
@ His achievement：in l876，he invented the telephone.
The Barbed wire Fence
Gillinger had a lot of trouble with his garden. Cattle broke through his fences and trampled it；children climbed over the fences and stole fruit off his trees. So he set out to build a fence neither of them could ignore. He took two strands of smooth wire and twisted them together. Every few inches he inserted between them dangerous boards made out of sharp pieces of iron and small bits of broken glass.
Gillinger s barbed wire fence quickly earned a wide-spread reputation in Texas，and eventually all across the West. Before the turn of the century，over four hundred different designs