人大在职研究生专业外语试题(2013年版)全,带答案。
Ⅰ. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (40 marks)
The recovery of the US economy during the first quarter of this year has been so spectacular that it is creating a new set of risks for financial markets. The great risks are now facing the US economy center on monetary policy and the oil market. The current federal funds interest rate of only 1.75 percent has clearly become unsustainable in view of the economy’s resilience. The Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by at least 0.25 percentage points during the second quarter and could increase short-term interest rates or at least 3 percent before the autumn to the level they were at before last year.
今年第一季度美国经济如此壮观的复苏，正给金融市场带成一系列新的风险。目前美国经济面临的这些巨大的风险集中来自于货币政策和石油市场。从经济恢复力来看，目前只有1.75%的联邦利率已明显无法持续。美联储决定将在第二季度提升利率至少0.25个百分点，并会在秋季前将短期利率提升至3％以上——这也是美国在前年的利率水平。
Such tightening would probably cause refinancing to slump to about $300 billion at annual rates late this year, which would eliminate residential capital gains as a prop for consumer-spending. Rising interest rates could also damp the rally likely to occur in the equity market as corporate profits recover. If investment spending fails to recover, the economy’s annual growth rate could slide back to the 2-3 percent.
这样的紧缩政策可能会导致今年年底再融资水平跌至3亿／年，这将使住宅投资收益在消费性支出中的支柱作用荡然无存。利率的提高也将抑制企业利润好转下股票市场的回升。如果投资支出没能复原，整个经济的年增长率将回落至2％～3％。
The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the US administration appears determined to attack Iran. The probability of war could easily push the oil price back into the $100-$110 a barrel range for at least a few months. In effect, that would impose a big new tax on consumer spending and corporate profits. The prospect of monetary tightening and a sharp increase in the oil price suggests that late 2013 and early 2014 could be a period of great volatility for the US economy.
石油价格也是一大风险，这主要是因为美国政府表现出来的攻打伊朗的坚决态度。战争的可能性可以轻而易举地将油价推回到100—110美元一桶，而且这一持续就会是至少几个月，结果将是在消费性支出和企业利润头上新加了一大笔税赋。货币紧缩政策与油价急剧攀升的前景暗示着2013年底和2014年初可能是美国经济的一大波动期。
Ⅱ. Translate the following paragraph into English (20 marks)
20世纪90年代以来，经济全球化迅速发展并日益成为世界经济发展的新趋势。虽然经济全球化促进了世界各国的生产、贸易和投资，但是发展中国家与发达国家之间的经济差距不但没有缩小，反而进一步扩大了。因此，对发展中国家