ineffective at killing harmful bacteria.
Which of the following, if it were obtained as an experimental result, would most decisively undermine the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. Healthy lungs in which the salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid has been
substantially increased are able to reestablish their normal salt concentration within a relatively short period of time.
B. The antibiotic produced by the lungs is effective at killing harmful bacteria even when salt concentrations are below levels typical of healthy lungs.
C. The salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid in the lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis tends to return to its former high levels after having been reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.
D. The lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis are unable to fight off harmful bacteria even when the salt concentration is reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.
E. The salt concentration in the airway-surface fluid of people whose lungs produce
lower-than-average amounts of the antibiotic is generally much lower than that typical of healthy lungs.
健康的肺能自然产生一种抗体来抵抗细菌。然后疾病Ｃ使得肺不能战胜细菌，即便能产生抗体。原因是因为产生了盐浓度上升，所以科学家假设高浓度的盐使得抗体实效。问削弱？ Ｄ选项说那些感染Ｃ的病人，即便把盐浓度减少到正常肺的浓度，依旧无法抵抗细菌，言外之意是说跟盐浓度没什么关系。
106. (24584-!-item-!-188;#058&000967) (GWD 28-Q11,different type)
Trancorp currently transports all its goods to Burland Island by truck. The only bridge over the channel separating Burland from the mainland is congested, and trucks typically spend hours in traffic. Trains can reach the channel more quickly than trucks, and freight cars can be transported to Burland by barges that typically cross the channel in an hour. Therefore, to reduce shipping time, Trancorp plans to switch to trains and barges to transport goods to Burland.
Which of the following, if true, casts most serious doubt on whether Trancorp's plan will succeed?
A. It does not cost significantly more to transport goods to Burland by truck than it does to transport goods by train and barge.
B. The number of cars traveling over the bridge into Burland is likely to increase slightly over the next two years.
C. Because there has been so much traffic on the roads leading to the bridge between Burland and the mainland, these roads are in extremely poor condition.
D. Barges that arrive at Burland typically wait several hours for their turn to be unloaded. E. Most trucks transporting goods into Burland return to the mainland empty.
Ｔ公司决定用卡车运送它的货物到Ｂ岛，通往Ｂ岛只有一个桥连接而且经常拥堵。火车比汽车更快的到达，货物可以在一个小时之内到达，因为为了减少运输时间，Ｔ公司应该用火车。问削弱？Ｄ选项说火车到达Ｂ岛后，需要等待好几小时来卸载。可见时间并没有节省下来
107. (31025-!-item-!-188;#058&005951) (GWD-TN-12,T-4-Q2)
Twenty years ago, Balzania put in place regulations requiring operators of surface mines to pay for the reclamation of mined-out land. Since then, reclamation technology has not improved. Yet, the average reclamation cost for a surface coal mine being reclaimed today is only four dollars per ton of coal that the mine produced, less than half what it cost to reclaim surface mines in the years immediately after the regulations took effect.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the drop in reclamation costs described?
A. Even after Balzania began requiring surface mine operators to pay reclamation costs, coal mines in Balzania continued to be less expensive to operate than coal mines in almost any other country.
B. In the twenty years since the regulations took effect, the use of coal as a fuel has declined from the level it was at in the previous twenty years.
C. Mine operators have generally ceased surface mining in the mountainous areas of Balzania because reclamation costs per ton of coal produced are particularly high for mines in such areas.
D. Even after Balzania began requiring surface mine operators to pay reclamation costs, surface mines continued to produce coal at a lower total cost than underground mines.
E. As compared to twenty years ago, a greater percentage of the coal mined in Balzania today comes from surface mines.
20年前，Balzania地区实施了需要为surface mines支付reclamation的法规，然后给了一堆信息之后，但是发现，现在分摊到每吨煤上的reclamation cost比法规生效时的一半还少。从这里可以推出surface mines开采所占总开采的比例变小了，或者煤的价格增加了。C说煤老板逐渐停止了在山区的surface mining，因为这些地方产的煤，需要支付较高的reclamation costs，也就是变相的说reclamation costs在减少，正确。
108. (24440-!-item-!-188;#058&000921) (GWD 4-Q8)
From 1980 to 1989, total consumption of fish in the country of Jurania increased by 4.5 percent, and total consumption of poultry products there increased by 9.0 percent. During the same period, the population of Jurania increased by 6 percent, in part due to immigration to Jurania from other countries in the region.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them? A. During the 1980s in Jurania, profits of wholesale distributors of poultry products increased at a greater rate than did profits of wholesale distributors of fish.
B. For people who immigrated to Jurania during the 1980s, fish was less likely to be a major part of their diet than was poultry.
C. In 1989 Juranians consumed twice as much poultry as fish.
D. For a significant proportion of Jurania's population, both fish and poultry products were a regular part of their diet during the 1980s.
E. Per capita consumption of fish in Jurania was lower in 1989 than in 1980.
１９８０－１９８９年，Ｊ地方的人消费鱼的比例增加４．５％， 消费家禽的比例增长９％。而同时期人口增长了６％，由于外来人口的增加。问下列哪一项也正确？ Ｅ人均消费鱼的数量减少了。
109. (28586-!-item-!-188;#058&002993) (T-4-Q15)
TrueSave is a mail-order company that ships electronic products from its warehouses to
customers worldwide. The company’s shipping manager is proposing that customer orders be packed with newer, more expensive packing materials that virtually eliminate damage during shipping. The manager argues that overall costs would essentially remain unaffected, since the extra cost of the new packing materials roughly equals the current cost of replacing products returned by customers because they arrived in damaged condition.
Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in determining whether implementing the shipping manager’s proposal would have the argued-for effect on costs? A. Whether the products shipped by TrueSave are more vulnerable to incurring damage during shipping than are typical electronic products
B. Whether electronic products are damaged more frequently in transit than are most other products shipped by mail-order companies
C. Whether a sizable proportion of returned items are returned because of damage already present when those items were packed for shipping
D. Whether there are cases in which customers blame themselves for product damage that, though present on arrival of the product, is not discovered until later
E. Whether TrueSave continually monitors the performance of the shipping companies it uses to ship products to its customers
Ｔ是一个邮递电子产品的公司。物流经理提出建议货物可以使用更新更加昂贵的
包装来减少在运输途中产生的损毁。总体的运输成本将不变。因为使用新材料的成本大致等于那些在运输途中被损毁的货物的价值。问评价？ Ｃ选项说是否那些被退回的产品中，很大一部分是在运输之前就已经损毁的了？ 如果是的话，那么就说明使用新包装没用，如果不是的话，那说说明使用新包装有价值。
110. (31447-!-item-!-188;#058&006361) (GWD 1-Q14)
That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia's coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened.
Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?
A. If the number of miners working in Tribnian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribnia's total coal production has doubled in that period of time.
B. Any individual Tribnian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has also experienced an increase in output per miner.
C. If any new coal mines had opened in Tribnia in the past five years, then the increase in output per miner would have been even greater than it actually was.
D. If any individual Tribnian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine's overall output has declined or remained constant.
E. In Tribnia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years.
通过新技术可以增加现有煤的产量。每个矿工的人均产煤量比５年前增加了一倍。尽管没有新的煤矿发现。问可以得出？ Ａ如果煤矿工人的数量没变，那么总体的产煤量将比５年前增加一倍。
111. (28490-!-item-!-188;#058&002974) (T-9-Q2)
Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics.
B. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants. C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them.
D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices.
E. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities.
K政府决定禁止出国腰果， 用来确保本国的加工生产。但是这样的限制政策会限制农民的收入。但是政府反驳说，取消限制会增加失业率。但是实际上这项政策却增加了失业率，因为？ Ｅ缺少收入的大量农民会涌入到城市，所以变相增加了失业率
112. (29286-!-item-!-188;#058&003696) (GWD 26-Q31)
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
When people engage in activities that help others, their brain releases endorphins, the brain’s natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity, and a statistic on adults who
regularly engage in volunteer work helping others shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because __________.
A. in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular volunteer work than
men were, and women tend to live longer than men do
B. the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is on the increase
C. the feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at least for a time, mask the symptoms of various conditions and diseases, provided the symptoms are mild
D. it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of volunteer work throughout his or her life
E. some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular volunteer work becomes a source of stress in their lives
当人们帮助其他人的时候，大脑产生内啡肽，使人们产生良好的感觉，并且可以使人长寿。研究发现那些经常参加志愿活动的成年人的寿命比那些不参加的人要长。统计结果依旧会显示出正确性，即便志愿活动不能增加寿命，是因为？文章内容“a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work”加A选项内容“in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular volunteer work than men were”，可以推出，a majority f those who regularly engage in volunteer work are women，而女性本身就比男性长寿是common sense，则可以得出结论，即便做volunteer work不能导致长寿统计结果也会和预期的一样。因此A选项显然正确
113.
(30697-!-item-!-188;#058&005746)
(T-4-Q18 ???-7-17)
As a large corporation in a small country, Hachnut wants its managers to have international experience, so each year it sponsors management education abroad for its management
trainees. Hachnut has found, however, that the attrition rate of graduates from this program is very high, with many of them leaving Hachnut to join competing firms soon after completing the program. Hachnut does use performance during the program as a criterion in deciding among candidates for management positions, but both this function and the goal of providing international experience could be achieved in other ways. Therefore, if the attrition problem cannot be successfully addressed, Hachnut should discontinue the sponsorship program. In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? A. The first describes a practice that the argument seeks to justify; the second states a judgment that is used in support of a justification for that practice.
B. The first describes a practice that the argument seeks to explain; the second presents part of the argument's explanation of that practice.
C. The first introduces a practice that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides grounds for holding that the practice cannot achieve its objective.
D. The first introduces a policy that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides grounds for holding that the policy is not needed.
E. The first introduces a consideration supporting a policy that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides evidence for concluding that the policy should be abandoned.
114. (25146-!-item-!-188;#058&001219) (GWD 23-Q32)
Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species: a hare, a partridge, and various Mediterranean fish. Oddly, most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created. Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. The Sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in the Sepphoris area.
B. There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are native.
C. No motifs appear in the Sepphoris mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other Roman city.
D. All of the animal figures in the Sepphoris mosaics are readily identifiable as representations of known species.
E. There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the Roman Empire were familiar.
在挖掘罗马的Ｓ城市的时候出土了很多关于很多动物的描绘艺术品。但是却发现，当这些艺术品被创造的时候，这些动物并没有生活在Ｓ。但是这些同样的描绘出现在了罗马的其他城市，因此可以推断出这些描绘是罗马时期其他城市的旅行工匠带去的。问ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ？ Ｅ选项说在罗马时期没有一种共同的艺术形式是在各个地方都熟悉的，言外之意是说这种描绘的手段Ｓ地方的人不熟悉，只能通过其他地方的工匠带过去的，支持了结论。
115. (24536-!-item-!-188;#058&000941) (GWD 30-Q26)
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious: clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not
include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is that conclusion.
B. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is the position that the argument defends.
C. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is the position that the argument defends.
D. The first is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument defends; the second is the position that the argument opposes.
E. The first presents a claim that is disputed in the argument; the second is a conclusion that has been drawn on the basis of that claim.
116. (31915-!-item-!-188;#058&006665) (T-4-Q34)
In Kravonia, the average salary for jobs requiring a college degree has always been higher than the average salary for jobs that do not require a degree. Current enrollments in Kravonia's colleges indicate that over the next four years the percentage of the Kravonian workforce with college degrees will increase dramatically. Therefore, the average salary for all workers in Kravonia is likely to increase over the next four years.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Kravonians with more than one college degree earn more, on average, than do Kravonians with only one college degree.
B. The percentage of Kravonians who attend college in order to earn higher salaries is higher now than it was several years ago.
C. The higher average salary for jobs requiring a college degree is not due largely to a scarcity among the Kravonian workforce of people with a college degree.
D. The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not increase over the next four years.
E. Few members of the Kravonian workforce earned their degrees in other countries.
在Ｋ地方拥有大学学历的人的工资比那些没有的人的高，而过去的４年中Ｋ地方的大学入学率明显提高。因此Ｋ地方的平均工资将升高。问ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ？ Ｃ选项是说大学学历的人的工资高不是因为缺乏这种人。言外之意是说，之前的大学学历高不是因为人才短缺才给钱多，毕业的人多了，那么自然就不短缺，工