解析：该处意为\然而\，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为\或者\，正确答案为C。 英语语法知识难点（二） （四）动词时态、语态 I． 要点
1、 一般现在时
（1） 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
（2） 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如： The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如: Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如： It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如： What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如： The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如： He said he would come, but he didn't. ９、被动语态
被动语态的时态，以give为例。 时／式 现在 一般 进行 完成 am am has is given is being been given are are have was was given being had been given were given were shall be given will shall have been given will should have been given would 过去 将来 should 过去将来 be given would II．例题
例１ I learned that her father ____ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例２ The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为Ｃ。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 （五）动词虚拟语气
I． 要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
１、 虚拟语气的构成 情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 should 与现在事实动词过去式 （be要用 +动词原形 相反 were） would 与过去事实had +过去分词 相反 １、动词过去时 与将来事实２、should +动词原形 相反 ３、were to +动词原形 should +have+过去分词 would should ＋动词原形 would
注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
２、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
（１） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是\可省) ＋动词原形\，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that… 句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如： It is strange that he (should) have done that. It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２） 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是\动词原形\。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
（３） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是\＋动词原形\。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
（４） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是\＋动词原形\。如： We received order that the work be done at once.
（５） 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是\动词的过去式\或 \＋动词原形\不可省。如： It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school. II． 例题
例１ We had hoped that he ____ longer. A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示\本希望\，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例２ \
\ A comes B came C should come D will come
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。
例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better. A had done B might have done C might do D would do
解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。 （六）短语动词 I． 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
（１） 动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don't laugh at others. I didn't care about it.
（２） 动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：
You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.
（３） 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
（４） 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time.
（５） 动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open.
（６） 动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people.
（7）辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up（放弃，停止） put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （扑灭） turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开） keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不让靠近） make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认） take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出） II． 例题
例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为Ａ。意为\存\；keep up意为\继续\；give away意为\分发\；lay up\贮藏\。
例２ Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.