In enriching students’ vocabulary, focuses are to be on the following aspects: Spelling and Pronunciation Synonyms Opposites Similar words and expressions Cultivate students’ sensitiveness to world-building 附页 Text Book 《高级英语》由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社 Title Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World Teaching Activities (Discussion) Special difficulties 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identifying the figures of speech paraphrasing some sentences translating some sentences understanding the climax of the trial understanding the author’s sarcastic tone throughout the passage 6. understanding the metaphorical use of some words and expressions 1. What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists” What did that show? 2. Try to elaborate the views of Darrow and Malone and that of Bryan’s. 3. What have you learned about the Bible? 4. What do you think is the message of this article? Questions 附页
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Text Book 《高级英语》由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社 Title Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World Teaching Activities (Text Analysis 1 ) Introduction to the Passage Page167-171: the development of the story Page 172-173: the climax Page 174: the ending of the story Rhetorical Devices 1. simile 2.metaphor 3. hyperbole 4. metonomy 5. antithesis 6. pun; a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words 7. irony: a figure that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant 8. sarcasm: a strong form of irony 9. innuendo: a mild form of irony in a rather round-about way 10: ridicule: unkind description to make someone or something seem stupid 11. oxymoron: a paradox reduced to two words 12. synecdoche: a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole or, vice versa 1. make effective use of specific verbs 1. make effective use of description In this passage the author recalls the famous Tennessee “Monkey Trial’ of 1925. The famous film Inherit the Wind was adapted from it. Page166: the opening scene of the story Effective Writing Skills 7
附页 Text Book 《高级英语》由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社 Title Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World 1. Teaching Activities (Text Analysis 2 English Version) A buzz ran through the crowd…that sweltering July day in 1952: 1) buzz: the vibrating sound of a bee; here it refers to the sound of many people whispering or talking excitedly in low tones 2) ran through the crowd: spread among the people who had come to watch the trial 3) as I took my place in the packed court: as I went to my seat in the court which was crowded with people 2. Leading counsel for the prosecution…that had brought about my trial: 1) prosecution: the group of people who are concerned in bringing a criminal charge against someone in court 2) the fundamentalist movement: a militantly conservative and fanatically religious American Protestant movement that began in the early 20th century in opposition to modern scientific tendency; it holds that the Bible is a verbally accurate recording of the word of God, and was strong in parts of the U.S. especially the South, at the time. 3) Fundamentalist movement that had brought about the trial: The trial was brought to court by Scopes and his lawyers. However, it was the fundamentalist movement which made the trial necessary, because it was this movement that had created the religious atmosphere that was responsible for the law which prohibited the teaching of evolution in the schools, and it was the existence of that law which made it necessary to hold a trial to challenge the law. 3. seated in court…of Harvard University: 1) ready to testify on my behalf: prepared to submit evidence to support or benefit me ( or my case) 2) on (in )somebody?s behalf, on (in) behalf of sb.: to benefit, support, serve the interests of sb. 3) Harvard University: the oldest university of the United States., at Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1636 and named after its first benefactor, John Harvard(1607-1638), a nonconformist minister born in England 4. a jury trial: a trial that had a jury (a group of 12 responsible, impartial citizens chosen to hear the case and make the decision (reach a verdict) of a guilty or not in accordance with their findings 5. “Don?t worry…” as we were waiting for the court to open:
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1) throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder: putting his arm in an informal, friendly way around me so that his hand rested on my shoulder, the shoulder that was further away from Darrow. 2) Reassuring arm: Obviously the arm can?t be reassuring; it means in a reassuring manner, a friendly gesture to put John at ease; the figure of speech used here is a transferred epithet. 6. The fundamentalists… Old Testament: 1) adhere to: believe in , follow devotedly 2) literal interpretation: word for word acceptance of what is said in the Bible 3) Old Testament: that part of the Bible that refers to events before the birth of Christ. Note: all the words likie the Bible, God(Lord, He Him) and Christ (Saviour) are capitalized. 7. The modernists …had evolved from a common ancestor: Charles Darwin: English naturalist, born on Feb. 12, 1809 at Shrewsbury, died on April 19, 1882; published “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” in 1859. The theory of evolution asserts that all living forms, plants and animals, including Man, have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processors of change and selection. 8. the state legislature…as taught in the Bible: 1) state legislature: official body of people who pass ( determine, decide) laws. Each of the 50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress 2) that denies the story of creation: that refuses to believe that all human beings are descended from Adam and Eve, who were created by God 9. “Let?s take this thing…test the legality of it.”: 1) this thing: refers to this matter, this problem; here it refers to Scopes? teaching of evolution nad hence his violation of the law, “this thing” is an imprecise expression on the part of Rappelyea, but very common in spoken English 10. our town had taken on a circus atmosphere: 1) circus: public entertainment consisting of a variety of performances by acrobats, clowns and trained animals, often performed in large tents by a group that travels from one town to another 2) circus atmosphere: a kind of rowdy or riotous, holiday spirit 3) All sorts of activities were going on in the town and there was a kind of noisy holiday spirit. ( Suddenly the town was transformed into a kind of circus with many people coming to hear the trial. The town people took advantage of the sudden influx of visitors to expand their business activities. 11. The streets…and watermelons 1) sprout: grow or develop quickly; shaky(poorly made) stalls or booths suddenly appeared 2) hot dog: long, thin, sausage in a bun. Hot dogs and hamburgers (ground beef patty in a bun) are sometimes seen as symbols of American culture. As fast foods they represent, esp. to Europeans, the quick pace and low quality of life in the U.S. 3) These rickety stands, which appeared suddenly everywhere, sold hot dogs, religious books, watermelons, etc… This adds to the town?s circus atmosphere. Religious books were sold because many religious people attended this trial in which religion played a key role. 12. People from the surrounding hills…the “infidel outsiders”:
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1) surrounding hills: referring to the hills near the town which were a part of the Appalachian Mts., a mountain chain in eastern North America extending parallel to the coast fro 1,600 miles from southern Quebec to central Alabama, passing through Tennessee 2) infidel: unbelievers in religious sense, meaning godless and implying being the hands of the devil 3) outsiders: referring to the northern, big city lawyers, professors and scientists who would be held in suspicion as trouble-makers by narrow-minded, small town southerners. It is in quote to signify that this is a false view held by such people. 13. I?m just a reg?lar mountaineer jedge.”: I?m just an ordinary judge from the mountains. Uneducated-sounding southern accent and his statement about himself conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry. 14. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow…steeped in the law: 1) shrewd: astute, sharp, clever, not to be outwitted; used admiringly here; sometimes implying negative qualities---cunning, tricky, dishonest 2) magnetic: strongly attractive; said of a person, personality 3) steeped in the law: thoroughly familiar with the law 15. It is a trial…Hays a Jew: 1) in a trial in which religion played a key role: Scopes was accused of violating the law which prohibited the teaching of any theory that denied the story of creation as taught in the Bible. And it was the fundamentalists who made the state legislature pass the law. That?s why the writer said religion played a key role in the trial. 2) Agnostic: a person who questions, doubts the existence of God and claims that His existence can?t be proved; may agnostics simply leave it at that and do not bother with the question of religion any further 3) The whole sentence points out the religious and non-religious diversity of the defence counsel in contrast to the prosecution, hinting that the defence counsels would be more broad-minded and objective. 16. The judge called for a minister to …”That?s one hell of a jury!”: 1) minister: a person authorized to conduct worship, administer sacraments etc. in a Christian church, esp. any Protestant clergyman 2) one hell of a jury(or a hell of a jury): no jury at all; a completely inappropriate jury ( because they are too partial); this is a common phrase meaning something unusual e.g. That was a hell of an exam.(unusually difficult) It?s been one hell of a trip. It?s a hell of a change. 3) The whole paragraph shows the religious bias of the trial right from the start, indicates the pro-fundamentalist atmosphere that will pervade the trial and gives readers a taste of things to come. 17. Today it is the teachers…the newspapers: 1) it refers to the target of ignorant and bigoted persecution 2) today the teachers art put on trials because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of science.
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