齐齐哈尔大学
化工原理课程设计
题 目 乙醇-水混合液板式精馏塔的设计
学 院 材料科学与工程学院
专业班级
学生姓名
指导教师
成 绩
2012年 6 月 13日
化工原理课程设计说明书
摘要
此设计为年产1.1万吨92﹪乙醇溶液的初步设计。乙醇在工业，医药，民用等方面，都有很广泛的应用，是一种很重要的原料。在很多方面，要求乙醇有不同的纯度，有时要求纯度很高，甚至是无水乙醇，这是很有困难的，因为乙醇极具挥发性，所以，想得到高纯度的乙醇很困难。要想把低纯度的乙醇水溶液提升到高纯度，要用连续精馏的方法，因为乙醇和水的挥发度相差不大。精馏是多数分离过程，即同时进行多次部分汽化和部分冷凝的过程，因此可使混合液得到几乎完全的分离。本文阐述了高纯度的乙醇产品的精制过程以及设备的分布情况。根据以往的生产资料作为车间设计的经验数据，并进行了大量的计算，其中包括物料衡算、塔的工艺的计算、设备计算及设备选型，并用AutoCAD绘制车间平面布置图、主要设备装配图及工艺流程图。
关键词：乙醇溶液；筛板塔；初步设计；设计方案
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化工原理课程设计说明书
Abstract
The design of the annual output of 11000 tons of 92 ﹪ ethanol solution of the preliminary design. Ethanol in the industry, medicine, civil and so on, all have a wide range of applications, is a kind of very important raw materials. In many ways, have different requirements, the purity of ethanol, sometimes require high purity, even without water ethanol, this is very difficult, because ethanol extremely volatile, so, want to get high purity of ethanol is very difficult. If you want to put the aqueous low purity ascent to high purity, want to use the method of continuous distillation, because ethanol and water volatility for are not significant. Distillation is most separation process, that is also part of many times and part of the process of vaporization condensation, so can make get almost completely the separation of the mixture. This paper expounds the ethanol products of high purity and refined process the distribution of the equipment. According to the former production material as the experience of the workshop design data, and a large number of computing, including the material balance calculations of the tower, the calculation of technology, equipment calculation and the equipment selection, and draw workshop layout, AutoCAD main equipment assembly drawing and process flow diagram.
Keywords：Ethanol solution; Screen panel tower; Preliminary design; Design scheme
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化工原理课程设计说明书
目录
摘要 ................................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract...................................................................................................................................................... II
第1章 总论 ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1概述 ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1.1 乙醇的性质与用途 ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 乙醇的应用 .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 操作条件的确定 ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1 操作压力 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 进料状态 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 设备型式 ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 筛板塔.............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 设计任务书 ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4.1设计题目 .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 设计任务 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.3 操作条件 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.4 设备型式 ......................................................................................................................... 5
第2章 设计方案 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 塔的工艺的计算 ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.1 精馏塔的物料衡算 ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 塔板数的确定 ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 精馏塔物性数据的计算 .......................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 温度的计算 .................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 平均密度的计算 ........................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 液体平均表面张力计算 ............................................................................................ 11 2.2.4液体平均黏度计算 ...................................................................................................... 12 2.2.5 塔板数的确定 .............................................................................................................. 12 2.3 塔体工艺尺寸的计算 ............................................................................................................. 13
2.3.1 塔径的确定 .................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.2 精馏塔高度的计算 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4 塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算 .................................................................................................... 14
2.4.1 溢流装置计算 .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2 降液管............................................................................................................................ 15 2.4.3 塔板布置 ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.4 浮阀数目与排列 ......................................................................................................... 17 2.5 塔板流体力学验算 ................................................................................................................. 19
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化工原理课程设计说明书
2.5.1 气相通过浮阀塔板的压降 ....................................................................................... 19 2.5.2 堰塔 ................................................................................................................................ 20 2.5.3 雾沫夹带验算 .............................................................................................................. 21 2.6 塔板性能负荷图 ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.6.1雾沫夹带线 .................................................................................................................... 22 2.6.3 液体负荷上限线 ......................................................................................................... 24 2.6.4 漏液线............................................................................................................................ 24 2.6.5 液相负荷下限线 ......................................................................................................... 24 2.6.6 操作性能负荷图 ......................................................................................................... 25 2.7 精馏塔各接管尺寸的计算 .................................................................................................... 25
2.7.1 进料管............................................................................................................................ 25 2.7.2 回流液管 ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.7.3 塔顶上升蒸汽管 ......................................................................................................... 26
总结 .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 参考文献..................................................................................................................................................... 28 附录 .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
附录 1常压下乙醇—水系统t—x—y数据 ............................................................................ 29 附录 2 乙醇的物性 ........................................................................................................................ 29 致谢 .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
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