had developed this idea more than 1,000 years earlier. Ptolemy also said that all the other objects in space moved around the earth. Copernicus believed that every planet, including the earth, moved around the sun. He also believed these theories in 1543. These theories were not accepted in his lifetime. But by the early 1600s, other scientists began to develop the method that would prove Copernicus correct.
One of these scientists was Galileo Galilei. He was born in Italy in 1564. Galileo was the first to use the telescope to discover new information about the planet and stars. He decided that the theory hat all planets circled the sun was correct. The Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo for saying Copernicus was right. For centuries, the Church had taught that the sun, the planets and the stars moved around the earth. Three hundred and fifty passed before the Roman Catholic Church admitted officially that it was wrong and withdrew its condemnation of Galileo.
Our fourth scientist of the millennium is William Harvey. He was born in England in 1578. He discovered how blood moves in animals and people. Dr Harvey described this in 1628 in the book An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals, This work was the start of all modern research on the hart and blood vessels. Dr Harvey based his discoveries on observations and by cutting open dead animals and humans. Dr Harvey's experiments showed that the heart forces blood through the arteries to the body. He showed that the blood returns to the heart through the veins. His idea conflicted with the widely accepted ideas of the time. It has been called one of the most important medical discoveries of the millennium.
Isaac Newton was another influential scientists of the past 1,000 year. Many experts say he was the most important scientist of them all. He was born in England in 1642. Isaas Newton invented a new kind of mathematics called calculus. He discovered the secrets of light and color and his theory of gravitation showed how the universe is held together. Isaac Newton published his discoveries on the laws of motion and the theory of gravitation in 1687 in his book The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. It was the first book to describe a unified system of scientific rules explaining what happens on earth and in the universe. It is considered one of the greatest works in the history of science.
Part II 答案
Part II - A
1395, type, movable type
Poland, astronomy, the sun, its center once 1564, telescope, circling England, moves
1642, calculus, light and color, gravitation. Part II- B
1、 Printing / faster / easier
2、 Earth / center of universe/ no move 3、 Cut open dead animals and humans
4、 Blood to body/ arteries; blood to heart / veins
5、 The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / in 1687 Part III
原文
Tape script
Charles Darwin was another important scientist of the past 1,000 years. He was born in England in 1809. In 1859, he published a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. He explained his ideas that all living things developed from simple organisms. He said these organisms changed during millions of years to produce different kinds of plants and animals, including humans. This is known as the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's studies showed that some animals and plants have natural abilities that help them survive. They pass these abilities to their young when they reproduce. Other plants and animals that are less able to survive and reproduce may disappear. Charles Darwin's theories provided new ideas about the developments of living things. However, they shocked many religious people. Many people
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today still strongly oppose the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.
Our next important scientist of the past 1,000 years is Louis Pasteur. His discoveries saved many lives. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. He became a professor of chemistry. He discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganism. Soon this Pasteurization method was used to keep many foods and drinks safe. He also helped us establish the germ theory when he recognized that most diseases are spread by tiny organisms that reproduce in the body. Louis Pasteur also proved that an animal can develop a resistance to a harmful organism if the organism is weekend in a laboratory and injected into the animal's body. He called this method of preventing disease vaccination. He developed vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and people.
The inventor Thomas Edison was another influential scientist. He was born in the United States in 1847. His work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century. Almost everyone has been affected by the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the motion pictures, sound recording, and electric light. They are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. H e also invented devices to improve the telephone. He improved machines that produced electricity. And he worked on many electric motors, including those for trains. Thomas Edison once said the electric light was the most difficult to develop. He also called it his most important invention.
Our next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed scientific ideas about the mind. Dr Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established the idea that dreams help us understand our unconscious self. He said this is the part of the mind containing wishes, desires, or bad experiences too frightening to recognize. Sigmund Freud's work on the causes and treatment of mental sickness helped to form the ideas of modern psychiatry. His ideas about sexual development led to the discussion and treatment of sexual problems. Many of Sigmund Freud's ideas are no longer used today, but no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.
Our final scientist of the past 1,000 years is Albert Einstein. He changed the way we understand the universe. The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879. In 1905, Albert Einstein published one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained his special theory of relativity. This theory is about the ideas we use to describe natural events. It is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known for his mathematical statement E=MC2 or energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This statement explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. It explained how the sun could give off heat and light for millions of years. It also led to the discovery of atomic energy. Albert Einstein's theories, like those of the other great scientists of the millennium changed our world.
Part III
答案
Part III - A 1809, evolution
France, a. Pasteurization, b. Germ, c.vaccination, disease
1847, a.motion, b. recording, c. electric light, d. Telephone, e. Machine, electricity, f.motors Austria, a. Dreams, unconscious self, b. Modern psychiatry. C.sexual development 1879, relativity, E=mc2 Part III - B
T. 1. Charles Darwin thought that all living things developed from simple organisms.
F. 2. Darwins's ideas were strongly opposed by many religious people in the past. But now people are all in favor of them. T. 3. Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny organisms that spread more diseases F. 4. Thomas Edison considered the motion pictures his most important invention.
T. 5. Albert Einstein's most famous theory is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. T. 6. Albert Einstein's most famous theory led to the discovery of atomic energy.
Part IV 答案
Part IV
Control, sort, on the page, working out, a whole section, fail,
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in a position, repeat,
Vocabulary, stop, its context, barrier, miss, lost,
Determination, go, rephrase, a half-missed point, the gap, purpose, key words, main points, ahead of, incompleteness
Unit 6 Part I 原文
Part I -A :
Right everyone. Stand straight ---- feet apart --- hands by your sides. Relax. Everybody ready? Right ---- a nice deep breath –now，raise your arms to shoulder height and stretch tem out sideways. Good --- now swing your right arm down to touch your left toes --- keep your left arm stretched out. Don‘t bend your knees --- your legs should be straight --- and up straight again. Now your left hand down to touch your right toes --- and up again. Everybody happy? Now let‘s do this with a bit of rhythm. Right down, touch your toes and up --- left down, touch your toes and up --- and again. Right down, touch your toes and up --- left down, touch your toes and up ----keep those knees straight. Now keep going until I tell you to stop.
Part I -A 答案
1. straight 2. apart 3. by your sides 4. Relax 1. breath
2. your arms to shoulder height /them out sideways
3. your right arm down to touch your left toes / your left arm stretched out /Your knees 5. your left hand down to touch your right toes 6. up again
Part I –B
原文
1. In track events, Usain Bolt from Jamaica is the fastest man in 100 meters dash. His recod is 9.69 seconds and was set on August 16, 2008.
2. Florance Griffith-Joyner from the USA set the record for the women‘s 100 meter dash in 10.49 seconds on July 16, 1988. 3. The men‘s 1,500 meter race world record was set by Hicham El Gurerouj from Morocco on July 14, 1998, and his record is 3 minutes 26 seconds.
4. The fastest woman in the world in 1,500 meters race is Qu Yunxia from China. Her record is 3 minutes 50,46 seconds and she set the record on September 11, 1993.
5. The world record for men‘s 110 meters hurdles was set by Dayron Robles from Cuba on June 13, 2008. the record is 12.87 seconds.
6. The gold medal winner for the women‘s 100 meters hurdles is Yordanka Donkova from Bulgaria, and her record is 12.21 seconds. That was set on August 20, 1988.
7. in 20 kilometers race walk for men, Vladimir Kanaykin fromRussia is the gold medal winner. His record is 1 hour 17 minutes 16 seconds. It was set on September 29, 2007.
8. in 20 kilometers race walk for women, the record is 1 hour 25 minutes and 41 seconds, which was set by Olimpiada Ivanova from Russia on August 7, 2005.
9. Who is the wrodl record holder for men‘s marathon? It‘s Haile Gebbrselassie from Ethiopia, and his record is 2 hours 4 minutes 26 seconds. He set the record on September 30, 2007.
10. Fro women‘s marathon, Paula Radcliffe from Great Britain holds the record in 2 hours 15 minutes and 25 seconds. The record was set on April 13, 2003.
11. In field events, Javier Sotomayor from Cuba is the man who jumps highest in the world. His record is 2.45 meters. It was set on July 27, 1993.
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12. Stefa Kostadianova from Bulgaria seized the gold medal fro women‘s high jump on August 30, 1987. her record is 2.09 meters
13. The world record fro men‘s long jump owes to Mike Powell from the USA, whose recored is 8.95 meters. He set his record on August 30, 1991.
14. The world record fro women‘s long jump owes to Dalina Chistyakova from the fromer Soviet Union, whose record is7.52 meters. She set this record on June 11, 1988.
15. In the men‘s javelin throw, the world record holder is Jan Zelezny from Czech Republic. His record is 98.48 meters, which was set on May 25, 1996.
16. Osleidys Menendez from Cuba is the world holder for the women‘s javelin throw. Her record is 71.70 meters, which was set on August 14, 2005.
Part I –B
答案
B.
Nationality Record Date Jamaica 9.69s. Aug. 16, 2008 USA 10.49s. July 16, 1988 Morocco 3min. 26s. July 14, 1998 China 3min. 50.46s. Sep. 11, 1993 Cuba 12.87s. Jun. 13, 2008
Bulgaria 12.21s. Aug. 20, 1988 Russia 1h. 17min. 16s. Sep. 29, 2007 Russia 1h. 25min. 41s. Aug. 7, 2005
Ethiopia 2h. 4min. 26s. Sept. 30, 2007 Great Britain 2h. 15min. 25s. April 13, 2003
Cuba 2.45m. July 27, 1993 Bulgaria 2.09m. Aug. 30, 1987 USA 8.95m. Aug. 30, 1991 the former
Soviet Union 7.52m. Jun. 11, 1988 Czech Republic 98.48m. May 25, 1996 Cuba 71.70m. Aug. 14, 2005
Part I –C
答案
C. China/ /110-meter hurdles //12.88 seconds //old record / / Switzerland / / finish line//shared with//three one
hundredth//12.90 seconds //13.02 seconds //22-year-old// gold medalist //2004 Part II –A
原文
After 13 years and 46, 000 miles (75,000 km) a British adventurer has completed a round-the-world journey using human power alone.
Jason Lewis, 40, crossed five continents , two oceans and a sea to become the first person to circumnavigate the globe under his own steam.
He finally returned to the UK on Saturday, crossing the Greenwich Meridian Line, in his custom-designed, 26ft (8 m), pedal-powered boat, ―Moksha‖. It was the same point where his journey began on 12 July, 1994 when he was just 26 years old.
Jason used a variety of modes of transport during his epic journey, including cycling, swimming, kayaking, and in-line skating. His route took him west from Britain to the USA and then on to Australia, Asia, and Africa before returning
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to Europe from the east.
The journey was not without dangers: in Colrado Jason was run over by a drunk driver while in-line skating at the side of the road. He spent six weeks in hospital an nearly had a limb amputated.
As well as surviving the car accident, Jason was robbed and beaten several times on his journey, chansed by a giant crocodile in Australia, and arrested by the Egyptian military as a suspected spy. But on the way he has raised money fro children‘s charities around the world as well as developing an education program for schoolchildren based on his travels.
What now for the world traveler?
Jason is happy to be back and may hang up his boots for a while.
―I‘ve seen enough deserts. I‘ve missed green rolling hills and cozy pubs, sitting by the fire drinking a pint of warm beer, ‖ said Jason.
―I do miss British humor. It‘s nice to be with people who take the Mickey out of each other.‖ Part II –A
答案
A1:
1、 The round-the-world journey lasted 13years. 2、 The journey covered 46,000miles(75,000km). 3、 The traveler Jason is 40 years old. 4、 He crossed 5 continents. 5、 He crossed 2 oceans. 6、 He crossed 2 sea.
7、 His boat is 26ft(8m)long.
8、 The journey began on 12 July,1994.
9、 Jason was 26years old when he started the journey. 10、 Jason spent 6 weeks in hospital in Colorado. A2 ：FTTFT
Part II –B 原文
German ace Michael Schumacher is widely recognized as being the world‘s best ever racing driver. In 1995 Michael became the youngest double Formula 1 World Champion (1994-1995 seasons) ever. He is also the 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 World Champion. This phenomenal record speaks for itself. In 2003 he beat Juan Manuel Fangio‘s five championships form the 1950s, by taking his sixth! He has now retired form F1, at the end of the 2006 season.
The 2004 championship was secured by Michael before its conclusion, making it tile number 7. He did it by finishing 2nd at Spa in Belgium, in Ferrari‘s 700th race, to accumulate enough points to seal the deal.
Michael also holds the F1 records for : most career wins (91), most wins in a season (13 in 2004 ), most career pole positions ( 66), most points during a season ( 148 in 2004), most consecutive world championships ( 5 from 2000 to 2004), most consecutive race wins (7 in 2004 ), most laps leading ( 69),most fastest laps ( 76), plus several others!
Michael is the highest paid racing driver in the world and second highest earning sportsman in the world, earning a reputed US$80 million in 2004 ( $40 million of which was his salary from Ferrari)
Part II –B
答案
German，Racing drive/
7,1994,1995,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,91,13,2004,66,148,2004,5,2000,2004,7,2004,69,76/ Highest, second highest,US$80million,US$40million,2006 Part III –A 1. March 29, 1981 / 20,000 / 7,474 /6,255 2. grow in size
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答案