(3)包孕原则
是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。 例如:
You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close. 您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。
What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。
(4)分句原则
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语转换成句子,分开来叙述。为了使语意连贯,有时需要适当增加词语,也就是采取化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子,顺序基本不变,前后保持连贯。 例如:
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
(5) 重组原则
指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅且更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。 例如:
Decision must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。