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附 录
附录1
Engine ignition system status and development trend
The ignition system is the important part of the gasoline engine , and its role is at the appropriate moment ignited by compression of mixture gas and burning , the ignition performance of the system is good or not on the engine power, fuel consumption and exhaust pollution impact large. Has excellent performance , reliable operation of the ignition system , has been the majority of automotive design , manufacturing , and users strive . With the development of the world 's automotive industry , automotive ignition systems experienced by traditional ignition system to electronic ignition system and then a computer-controlled ignition system three stages .
1 Status in China
Domestic gasoline engine car ignition system , electronic ignition system account for a large proportion of traditional ignition system has been in a phase-out of the situation . The electronic ignition system , the original cam driven by the pulse generator to replace the current and voltage pulse generated by magnetic changes (no contact) , and the electrical system to trigger the high voltage ignition pulse .
Domestic electronic ignition system production basically OEMs require the corresponding foreign standards , mainly from Germany VOLKSWAGEN , PEUGEOT of France and the U.S. car GM company . The mid-1980s , Shanghai Volkswagen, the company began production of Santana , Changsha Auto Electric Factory introduction of Germany BOSCH Hall contacts distributor technology car matching , and the first to achieve localization , prompting the the domestic electronic ignition system truly enter into bulk production stage. This stage the domestic electronic ignition system also has improved steadily : the ignition electronic components in development by the discrete components to the thick-film hybrid integrated development to the current widespread use of IC -wide integrated circuits ; ignition coil dry-type oil-immersed development and more for the high-energy coil , the entire system to the high-energy ignition systems development ; system
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the carve electrical , ignition coil and ignition were installed electronic components from three development to three as the overall structure .
At home and abroad in the field of electronic ignition
Engine Having produced the largest controllable factors impact its performance mainly two One is the air-fuel ratio , and the second is the ignition advance angle . Ignition system has a decisive impact on the performance of the engine , which directly affects the quality of the combustion process , thus affecting the engine power , economy and emissions pollution and job stability . Thus, the engine ignition system to study one day did not stop . The electronic ignition system development tends to be diversified , introduced in Japan ignition system can be divided into types , and also increased . The electronic ignition system is also more diverse . In recent years, foreign study , such as Japan was to study ignition electrode shape , eddy current multi- multi-point ignition others feedback control , find the spark-ignition engine ignition timing and crank angle thermodynamic model also Some research engine spark plug location optimization problem . Developed in the United Kingdom and other rail - type spark plugs , spark plug \track \by the the seal people barrel -shaped cavity of two parallel electrodes using plasma arc between the electrodes ignition . In recent years, the domestic research situation ① WONG Zuohua , studied the influence of the operating parameters of the spark-ignition engine unburned emissions , come to improve the speed, burning more dilute mixture , be appropriate to defer the ignition temperature of lubricating oil , can reduce the emission concentration ② was 3D ignition timing chart decomposition for the ignition timing of an engine speed and ignition timing to a throttle opening degree of the two-dimensional relationship curve processing , research ignition timing characteristics ③ was also study the ignition coil controlling the injector control the timing relationship with the positive when optimization , as well as on the cylinder mixture concentration distribution of combustion process ④ others in the study of electrode morphology on the ignition and combustion process .
2 trends
Current ignition system development in China soon , the traditional ignition system has been basically eliminated, electronic ignition system is universal, miniature cars and ordinary cars , luxury cars has begun using computer control . Calculation control of the ignition system high - voltage power distribution method is by the partakers appliances formula development, no distributor without the distributor of the ignition system (Distributor Less Ignition referred DLI) fixed electrical controller pieces to replace the high pressure mechanical rotation
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distributor , the use of computer ignition sequence controlled by the igniter ignition coil ignition . Two cylinder engine share a system - dual- spark ignition coil ignition coil . Wherein a cylinder ignition for effective ignition, at the end of the compression stroke ; another cylinder ignition is an invalid ignition occurs in the exhaust stroke . This ignition system is used in the cylinder number is an even number of the automobile engine , the number of the ignition coil for the cylinder number .
The electronic ignition system in increased ignition energy and the secondary voltage and improve ignition reliability aspects are very effective . However, they are the ignition timing adjustment , most still with the conventional coil ignition systems , as is the use of centrifugal mechanical and vacuum advance means to complete . Due to mechanical hysteresis , wear and other reasons , the accuracy of the adjustment is subject to certain restrictions , the mechanical advance regulating means does not guarantee the ignition characteristics of the engine is always in the best . In recent years , due to vehicle emission regulations more restrictive , the car engine has been widely applications electronically controlled fuel injection system (Electronic Fuel Injection EFI) engine ignition systems are increasingly high requirements . So many cars are no longer the application of centrifugal and vacuum spark advance mechanical adjustment device , and replace them with computer-controlled ignition system . In such a system , with the various sensors to detect the operating state and conditions of the engine , after computer processing Analysis calculated ignition advance angle control at the optimum value , so that the engine can be optimized operation . In addition, a computer-controlled ignition system , there are some other advantages : improvement of the engine startability and improve idle stability , reduce the fuel consumption of the engine , knocking control .
DLI system to eliminate the impact of the ignition timing of the gap of the distributor drive, etc. , to reduce the noise when the ignition means to run some electromagnetic interference is suppressed , and since the space occupied by the narrow , is conducive to the design of more compact engine . However , such systems have certain disadvantages : such as the generation of the ignition spark is always appear in pairs , so that doubling the number of times of ignition , energy consumption has increased , and there is wasted ; due to the use of dual - spark ignition , and therefore does not apply to the number of cylinders the engine is odd . The latest computer-controlled ignition system to the abolition of the spark plug is connected to the high-voltage lines , called the direct ignition system . Each spark plug equipped with a directly mounted in the upper portion of the ignition coil , by computer output signals individually for each cylinder direct ignition . The system ignition coil
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Subminiature closed magnetic circuit ignition coil , and installed directly above the spark plug , the volume is very small ; directly due to the cancellation of the ignition by the ignition coil to the spark plug for high voltage , and thus less energy loss , high efficiency , electromagnetic interference ; spark plug discharge frequency can be halved , thereby prolonging the life of the spark plug . With the rapid development of China's automobile industry and the national environmental policy requirements of traditional gasoline ignition system will be replaced by electronic ignition system and computer-controlled ignition system . Near stage truck and in the, and low-grade car, and micro-car, will is electronic ignition system and computer control ignition system coexist, and used electric controlled fuel Jet system system of upscale vehicles are will used computer ignition system, and its points electrical will by has points electrical type to no points electrical type development, ignition coil will all used dry type ignition coil, and to directly ignition type direction development. Starting from the late 90 's, electronic-control fuel injection system was introduced in domestic cars (EFI), also began to use the computer controlled ignition ignition control system devices, such as the Santana 2000, Jetta, Guangzhou Honda, Citroen 988 car and Chongqing Changan star mini cars have introduced computer-controlled ignition system. Study on computer control of gasoline engine ignition system in China began in the mid 80, research unit on the fuel injection system, the ignition system, oxygen sensor feedback system control projects such as research and development, some progress has been made, in some cars, such as home-made 200 small red flag cars using these systems. But due to the relatively weak automobile industrial base in China, compared with foreign advanced level at the electronic level, there was also a large gap. Computer controlled ignition system for domestic needs of host plants, mostly from imports or Germany Bosch company and United States Delphi joint venture companies in China. At present, the State environmental protection administration, the State economic and Trade Commission, 4 ministries have jointly issued a circular, require carburetor 187 cars and 5 car model now discontinued, 20O1 years on September 1 of the above models. Prohibits the sale; the State Department has decided, after 2001 production car must be in the Injection and exhaust gas purifying device. The decision will undoubtedly help our development process significantly speeds up the EFI and the DLI.
3 future prospects
Levels in the auto industry, is an important sign measuring a country's level of industrialization. A new revolution in the world automobile industry is around, such as environmental protection and energy-saving, safe, reliable and comfortable performance, States have adopted a long-term development plan. My \focus
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will development car industrial placed in very important of location, according to world car industrial new of development trends, as national \of success, and joined WTO Hou international market of challenge, urged domestic enterprise quickly improve ignition system of technology and production capacity: through joint venture cooperation, expanded ignition system technology introduced scale, in cooperation in the seeking development; while should for enterprise restructuring, expanded ignition system production scale, Overcome the current backward technology, innovation capacity, small size, low benefits. As world car in security, and comfortable sexual, and smart driving, area of quickly development and new of breakthrough, domestic enterprise special to attention following several area of technology trends, do related of technology development and the reserves work: ① multiple energy (fuel, and days gas,) of mixed using, on ignition system reliability, and security requirements more high; ② 42V output electric Department car of appears, must has new of ignition system and the other electronic equipment of produced and application; ③ due to energy-saving, environmental, of requirements continued improve, Must have a new ignition system to accomplish this daunting task; ④ rapid development of electronics and computer technology, the emergence of new materials, will continue to have a new ignition system. According to China's existing automobile industrial base as well as \for substantial growth, increased attention to the development and application of high-performance technology of automobile engine ignition system is necessary. Only in this way can shorten the gap with advanced countries in China. Access to speed development.
3.1 the distribution of development
Distribution method is the most basic ignition system technical elements, can be divided into high-voltage power distribution and low-voltage power distribution and low-voltage power distribution can be divided into the separate and two cylinder ignition ignition cylinder in two ways. Adopt high-voltage distribution, the majority now, faster. While continuing to adopt high-voltage distribution in the future, will continue to take measures to reduce costs, gradually expanding the scope of application of low-voltage power distribution. Ignition timing control method.
3.2 fire control
On the control mode, electronic angle are replacing mechanical means into the corner. Electronic rotary control logic is based on the signal from the crank angle sensor to calculate ignition timing. Ignition timing mode there are three types of time as measured by a simple
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