英语常用连系动词的记忆口诀:“连系”证明升降变,起来保持不动弹。 证明:work out, turn out, prove; 升降:rise, fall; 变化:become, turn, go, get, grow;
起来:表示“听起来,看上去”等含义:sound, feel, smell, taste, look, seem, appear 保持:remain, keep,stay (warm);
不动弹:lie, sit (still)(即表示保持某种状态的系动词)
She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy went away from her hiding cave. 她知道,
自己必须保持冷静,不能晃动,直到敌人从她藏身的山洞走开。
A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公交车辆的短缺依然是个很严重的问题。
3.表示“据……说”的动词与句式转换
有些动词可以用“it be+过去分词+that从句”,也可以用“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”,如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生,不定式用完成式形式。
即:sb is+过去分词+to do/to have done,it is +过去分词+that从句。
能用于这两个句型转换的常见动词有:say(说),report(报道),know(知道), announce(宣布), consider(想/认为), think(认为), believe(相信)这几个动词。
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
据报道,目前在这个灾区人们正在修建很多新房。(高考例句)
Many a new house is reported to be being built at present in the disaster area.
4.用主动语态表示被动含义的常用动词
英语有些及物动词在表示事物的性状功能时,用作不及物动词,此时就用不及物动词形式接well、easily等副词。常见的这种动词有:read(读),write(写),cut(剪),wear(穿), wash(洗),open(开), shut/close(关),sell(卖), lock(锁),translate(译)等。
5.用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的动词
用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的主要有下面这些动词:
inform(通知),advise(通知),tell(告诉),remind(提醒),cure(治愈),heal(治愈),cheat(欺骗),warn(警告),convince(说服,使信服),suspect(怀疑),accuse(控告),rob(抢劫)等。 How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信(她很诚实)呢? What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的?
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【典例1】(2014·江西) He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .
A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted
【典例2】(2015·安徽)If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop
【技巧点拨】注意动词搭配,辨析动词搭配的错误
英语中有许多动词可以和其他词类组成固定搭配,这些固定搭配是高考中的命题重点。如果平时不注意积累和总结,就很容易造成没有必要的错误。这里把近几年高考试卷上经常出现的一些动词的固定搭配做一总结。
1.动词+宾语+ for
ask(要求),blame(责备),criticize(批评),excuse(原谅),forgive(原谅),mistake(误认为),praise (称赞),punish(惩罚),recommend(推荐),remember(,reward(报答),search(搜查),scold(责备),take(当作),thank(感谢),turn to(求助于)
2.动词+宾语+ from
bring(携带);choose(挑选); excuse(使……免除);remove(移去); keep(阻止);prevent(阻止);protect(保护);save(拯救);separate(分离)等。
3.动词+宾语+ in
gain(增加);employ(花费时间、精力等);encourage(鼓励);invest(投资、买);involve(使陷入、使承担)
4.动词+宾语+ into
argue(说服);force(强迫);persuade(劝说);reason(说服);talk(说服); frighten(惊吓)。
5.动词+宾语+ of
B. create
C. substitute
D. experience
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accuse(控告); assure(确信);cheat(骗取); cure(治愈); ease(缓和、减轻);inform(告知); relieve(解除);remind(提醒);rid(从……去除);rob(抢夺); warn(警告)
6.动词+宾语+ on
congratulate(祝贺); force(强迫)
7.动词+宾语+ with
arm(使装备);busy(忙于);charge(指控);combine(结合);compare(比较);confuse(混淆); familiarize(使熟悉);fill(充满、装满);furnish(装备、供给);help(帮助);load(装载);present(赠送);provide(供应);serve(供给); supply(供应);trouble(使烦恼、打扰);trust(委托)
8.动词+宾语+ by (on, in) +身体部位
catch(抓住);hit(打中);pull(拉);shake(握住);seize(抓住); strike(打、敲);take(抓住)
【考点2热点动词短语归纳】
【基础知识梳理】
对动词短语的考查是历年高考的一个热点,而且考查面广、灵活度强,每年全国各地高考试题都会在各题型中考查核心词汇中常用动词短语。
对动词短语的考查中,有些是所给动词相同,如考查come、call、look构成的短语,有的是所给介词相同,如考查out、with、down、up to、up with构成的动词短语;还有些则是所给四个动词短语及介词搭配都不一样,而且其含义也没有相同或相似之处,也就是说,考查的重点是对句意和动词短语含义的理解与把握。
【核心考点讲练】 1. 动词搭配的常见形式
动词短语的考查侧重意义,侧重辨析,注意掌握常考动词短语。 (1)动词+介词。
enter for报名参加 hear of听说 hear from收到某人来信 look for寻找
(2)动词—+副词。
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break out爆发 see off送行 look up查阅;向上看 break down分解
(3)动词+副词+介词。
catch/keep up with赶上 go in for从事 get along (on) with相处,进展 go away with侥幸逃脱 get down to开始,着手 keep away from远离,回避 look forward to盼望 put up with容忍 make up for补偿,弥补
(4)动词+名词+介词。
pay attention to注意 take care of关心,照顾 make fun of捉弄
make room for为……腾出空地 make use of使用,利用 find fault with挑剔
(5)系动词+形容词+介词。
be interested in对……感兴趣 be curious about好奇 be tired of厌倦 (6)动词+宾语+介词。
remind sb of提醒某人某事 keep/prevent/stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事
(7)动词+反身代词+介词。
help oneself to随便吃/拿 occupy oneself with忙于 throw oneself to投身于
2.部分高频动词短语的固定搭配及含义 (1)break
break away from突然逃脱,挣脱(束缚)
break down(机器)停止运转;失效;(某人健康状况) 变得恶劣;垮;感情失去控制;瓦解;分解,降解 break in(副词)/into(介词) 闯入;打断,插话break off 中断,突然终止? break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 ?
break up (物理)分解;解散;驱散;变得衰弱;(将某物)击碎;打碎;与某人绝交 ? break through有重要创见;突破,突围,克服?
break oneself of the habit of摆脱……习惯break one’s promise.违背诺言
(2)bring
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bring about 导致,使发生bring back送回(某人/物);回想起某事物;为某人带回某物
bring down使(飞行器)着陆/落下;打死或打伤;降低价格等bring forward把……提前;提交讨论 bring in逮捕;聘请;获得好收成;(使某人)获得利润或收入bring up培养, 养育;提出;呕吐 bring out使某人的(品质)显现;使某事物出现或开放;生产;出版;阐明 bring…under control. 控制bring an end to sth/ bring sth to an end)结束,终结
(3)call
call at 到……作短暂拜访call for 需要,要求call in 召集,来访 call off 取消call on/upon sb to do sth号召某人做某事 call on 拜访某人 call up 使回想起
(4)carry
carry on继续(做某事)carry out实施; 执行
carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关;成功地完成某事物
(5)catch
catch up with 赶上某人be caught (up) in被卷入或陷入 catch sight of看见catch a glimpse/glimpses of瞥见 catch hold of抓住,抓牢 (6)come
come across被理解;被传达;偶然遇见或发现come over拜访;过来;改变立场
come out(指太阳﹑月亮等)露出,出现;(指花朵等)开始长出,开花;出版或发表;(指消息等)传出,透露;(指照片)显影,洗出;(在考试等中)得某名次
come back回来;再次流行;回想起come down坍塌;落下;(指价格、温度等)降低;下降;沦落为 come down to归结为come down with因某病病倒come to:苏醒;总数为,结果是;涉及,谈到 come in比赛取得的名次;流行;收入come to one's rescue来解救某人come to an end结束 come into effect/force生效come into being/existence开始存在,建立 come to a conclusion/decision得出结论/做出决定come into power开始执政
come up(植物)长出地面;被提及;被讨论;出现;发生come up with找到或提出(答案﹑办法等) come off脱落,掉下来; 成功come upon偶然遇见或发现 (7) cut
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