说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：
?yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when
?考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。
?be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 ?He used to smoke a lot.
?He has got used to getting up early.
?考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 ?He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
?考点三：考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。
?—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. ?— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. ?A. did you put; have put ?B. have you put; put
?C. had you put; was putting ?D. were you putting; put ?答案：B
?解析：第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作。
?We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? ?A. was happening B. happens ?C. has happened D. happened ?答案：C
?解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
?Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long ____ here? ?A. don’t know; were you ?B. hadn’t known; are you ?C. haven’t known; are ?D. didn’t know; have you been ?答案：D
?5. 过去进行时
?表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
?The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
?What were you doing at nine last night?
?The radio was being repaired when you called me.
?Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. ?A. has written B. wrote ?C. had written D. was writing ?答案：D
?解析：根据I don’t know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书，因而
去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
?6. 过去完成时
?表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
?There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. ?By the end of last term we had finished the book. ?They finished earlier than we had expected.
?考点一：把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。 ?By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. ?A. would be completed B. was being completed ?C. has been completed D. had been completed ?答案：D
?考点二：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
?I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. ?I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
?No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）
?考点三：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 ?That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
?考点四：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
?I had intended to see you but I was too busy. ?I had hoped that I could do the job.
?7. 一般将来时
?表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时
间状语连用。例:
?Shanghai will host the World Expo in 2010.
?The researchers of the project have to be very careful with every part if it a success. ?A. is to be B. is
?C. will be D. would be ?答案：A
?考点一：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
?I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
?考点二：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 ?Use your head and you will find a way.
?Call the university operator, ____ you will find the phone number of Professor Smith. ?A. so B. and C. when D. before ?答案：B
?考点三：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
?“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 ?The train is about to leave.
?“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
?They are to be married in this May.
?9、将来完成时
?表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
?By the time the course ends, ______ a lot about the culture of this country. ?A. we’ll learn B. we are learning ?C. we have learnt D. we’ll have learnt ?答案：D
?考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 ?By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. ?By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
?考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
?The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 动词的语态
? It is ten years since women to vote in the United States.
?A. was allowing ?B. allowed ?C. were allowed ?D. had been allowed ?答案：C
?考察点是语态和时态的结合，首先确认语态（妇女被允许投票），通过时态标志词since确
认时间从句为时间点，时态为应为一般过去时。可采用“同形项”原则排除B
?The lady was made on the floor waiting for ten minutes before attended to. ? A. to stand B. stand ? C. standing D. stood ?答案：A
?使役动词如make，let等在主动语态情况下省去不定式符号to，变成被动语态后要把不定式符号to补全。
?一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。 ?考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
?come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
?It took place before liberation. ?The film lasts for 2 hours.
?考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。 ?lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； smell(闻)；write ( 写 )…
?玻璃容易破碎。 ?Glass breaks easily. ?这箱子很好锁。 ?The case locks easily. ?这本书很畅销。 ?The book sells well. ?这窗户关不上。
?The window won’t shut. ?这种纸一撕就破。 ?This paper tears easily.
?考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：
?It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…, ?这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”
?It is said that Tom has passed PETS 3.
?You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.
A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling ?答案：C
?He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter. A) is belonged to B) belonged
C) belongs D) is belonging ?答案：C
?解析：考察侧重点为动词主动形式表被动意义。
?If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome ?答案：B
?解析：时态语态结合考察，可参照一般现在时考点二 “一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时”
?Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there. A) will have sold B) will sell
C) have sold D) will have been sold ?答案：D
?解析：考察时态和语态的结合。
?In Chinese mainland, a great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949. ?A) has been establish ?B) have been established ?C) have established ?D) had been established ?答案：B
?—What else did you do this morning besides doing the shopping? ?—Two hours ____ washing the windows and floor. ?A. were taken B. was spent ?C. has taken D. will be spent ?答案：B
?解析：时态、语态、主谓一致、动词用法的综合考察。 虚拟语气重点点拨