49. put it to new use
50. increase their yield of fruits and vegetables 51. the scale of CO2 emissions Section B
52. D. Its negative effects have long been neglected.
53. A. Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power. 54. B. They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota. 55. B. Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.
56. A. Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices. 57. D) Free market plus government intervention.
58. B) Government regulation hinders economic development. 59. B) Effective measures adopted by the government.
60. D) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation. 61. D) Excessive borrowing. Part V Cloze
62. B)notion 63. C)before 64. B)on 65. A)proposed 66. D)evidence 67. B)original 68. A)however 69. C)effort 70. C)opposed 71. D)once 72. D)techniques 73. C)inside 74. C)lessons 75. D)enhance 76. A)convince 77. A)trouble
78. C)diligent 79. C)process 80. B)concentrate 81. D)or
Part VI Translation
82. I think that the meal is well worth 80 dollars with no discount(没有折扣的情况下值80美元).
【点评】worth:“值”，
;discount 折扣。
83. Confronted with the fierce competition from other corporations(面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争), the automobile manufacturer is considering launching a promotion campaign.
【点评】该句主语是the automobile manufacturer，横线处所填的是一个分句;be confronted with：面临(任务、困难)=face，所以也可填(facing the fierce competition……)
84. As far as hobbies are concerned,
nearly (almost) have nothing
in common / hardly have anything in common(几乎没有什么共同之处). 【点评】have something in common有共同点。
85. Only after many failures have I realized that I cannot succeed merely by chance.(我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).
【点评】only位于句首时用倒装。至于时态，可以用现在完成时，强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响“不能成功”，也可以用一般过去式 did I realize that I couldn't succeed merely by chance. 86. But for the survival instinct which nearly
, more species would
have been extinct from the earth(更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了). 【点评】but for，“要不是”;这里考查与过去相反的虚拟语气，后面用would + have done。
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
Part I：Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, \and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe.\write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
The Way to Success
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act
of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and
Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.
Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to
\world's information\so it would be odd if that information did not include books.
The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. \really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.\As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: \making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.\
Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. \core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google,\he says. \we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders.\
It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.
First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.
The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.
At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.
Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the \domain\(works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).
But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays
only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are \copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.
\be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission,\Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. \reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask.\
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched aclass action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an
out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. \the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible,\of the settlement's most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.
This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial
provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect. Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. \business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates,\Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.
Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on \works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.