5. Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt (1859-1919), 26th President of the United States (1901-- 09). He drew considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor. After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy; and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.
6. Dos Passos: John Dos Passos (1896--1970), American novelist. Publications: Three Soldiers; Manhattan Transfer; U. S. A. ; District of Columbia, etc.
7. turn belly up: to finish, to end; a term borrowed from fishing. A fish that floats belly up is dead.
8. the strife of 1861--65: the Civil War between the Northern (Federal) States and Southern (Confederate) States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery
9. fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War (1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba. It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U. S. expansionists. On May 7, a U. S. squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.
10. San Juan Hill: in East Cuba, near the city of Santiago de Cuba. It was the scene (July, 1898) of a battle in the Spanish-American war, in which Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders took part.
11. National Guard: U. S. militia. In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances. In times of war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.
12. Fourth-of-duly: U. S. Independence Day, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Traditionally, it has been celebrated with the firing of guns and fireworks, parades, open-air meetings, and patriotic speeches. 13. Gopher Prairies: backward, undeveloped areas of the prairies
14. \the world safe for democracy\The exact quotation from Woodrow Wilson' s Address to Congress (April 2, 1917) is, \democracy.\
15. Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe. The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles. 16. country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs 17. Model T: one of the early Ford motorcars
18. Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture
19. Floral Heights: referring, perhaps, to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York. It has a commercial flower industry.
20. Rotary (International): organization of business and professional men, founded (1905) by Paul Percy Harris, a Chicago lawyer. Besides Rotary clubs in the United States, other branches were established in many countries throughout the world. The name was derived from the original custom of meeting in rotation at the members' places of business.
21. Mumford: Lewis Mumford (1895--1990), American social philosopher. Among his books are: Technics and Civilization; The Condition of Man, and The City in History. 22. Pound: Ezra Pound (1885--1972), American poet, critic, and translator; An extremely important influence in the shaping of 20th century poetry, he was one of the most famous and controversial literary figures of this century-- praised as a subtle and complex modern poet, dismissed as a naive egotist and pedant, condemned as a traitor and reactionary. During World War Ⅱ he broadcast Fascist propaganda to the United States for the Italians and was indicted for treason. Pound's major works are: Homage to Sextus Propertius; Hugh Selw3rn Manberley, and the Cantos.
23. Anderson: Sherwood Anderson (1876--1941), American novelist and short story writer, best known for his novel Wines burg, Ohio
24. Josephson: Matthew Josephson (1899-- ), New York author, known for a time as a member of the post-war expatriate group. Some of his publications include Zola and His Time ; Portrait of the Artist as American ; The Robber Barons, etc.
25. Eliot: T. S. Eliot (1888-1965), English poet and critic. One of the most distinguished literary figures of the 20th century, T. S. Eliot won the 1948 Nobel Prize in literature. Some of his important works include: The Waste-land; Murder in the Cathedral ; The Sacred Wood, etc.
26. Cummings: E. E. Cummings (1894-1962), American poet. Among his 15 volumes of poetry are: Tulips and Chimneys; Is 5, and 95 Poems.
27. Cowley: Malcolm Cowley (1898-- ), American critic and poet. He lived abroad in the 1920s and knew many writers of the \Exile' s Return and Second Flowering.
28. Antibes: a seaside resort on the French Riviera favored by writers and artists 29. Left Bank: left bank of the River Seine in Paris, famous for its open-air book stalls. The Latin quarter, the haunt of university students and teachers, is also on the left bank.
30. O'Neill: Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), American dramatist. Widely acknowledged as America's greatest playwright, O' Neill brought to the U. S. stage its first serious native drama. Among his famous plays are: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; Desire Under the Elms; the Iceman Cometh, etc.
31. Millay: Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950), American poet. One of the most popular poets of her era, Millay was admired as much for the bohemian freedom of her youthful life style as for her verse. Among her poems are: Renascence ; A Few Figs from Thistles ; The Ballad of the Harp Weaver ; Fatal Interview, etc.
32. Fitzgerald: F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), American novelist and short-story writer. Fitzgerald is considered the literary spokesman of the \age\the decade of the 1920s. Among his famous works are: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful and Damned; The Great Gatsby; Tales of the Jazz Age ; All the Sad Young Men, etc.
33. Faulkner: William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist. As a writer Faulkner's primary concern was to probe his own region, the deep south. He was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature. His best-known novels are: The Sound
and the Fury; As I Lay Dying ; Sanctuary ; A Fable, etc.
34. Lewis: Sinclair Lewis (1895-1951), American novelist. Probably the greatest satirist of his era, Lewis wrote novels that present a devastating picture of middle-class American life in the 1920s. In 1930, Lewis became the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. His best-known novels are:Main Street ; Babbit ; Arrowsrnith ; It Can't Happen Here, etc.
35. Benrt: Stephen Vincent Benrt (1898-1943), American poet and author. Publications: Heaven and Earth ; John Brown's Body; Ballads and Poems, etc.
36. Crane: Hart Crane (1899--1932), American poet. He published only two volumes of poetry, White Buildings (1926) and The Bridge (1930), during his lifetime, but those works established Crane as one of the most originaland vital American poets of the 20th century.
37. Wolfe: Thomas Wolfe (1900-1938), American novelist. His well known novels are: Of Time and the River ; The Web and the Rock, and You Can't Go Home Again.
教学教案
背景知识
课文详解
文章结构
修辞学习
课文录像
课文录音
词汇短语
词汇(Vocabulary)
nostalgic (adj.) : looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy
circumstance怀旧的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- illicit (adj.) : not allowed by law，custom，rule，etc．：unlawful；prohibited违法的，违禁的，非法的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- thrill (n.) : tremor of excitement(一阵)激动
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speakeasy (n.) : [slang]a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp. such a place in the U．S．during Prohibition[俚](美国禁酒期的)非法的酒店 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- denunciation (n.) : the act of denouncing控告；指责，斥责 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
amour (n.) : a love affair，esp. of an illicit or secret nature 恋情；(尤指)不正当的男女关系 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sedan (n.) : an enclosed automobile with two or four doors．and two wide seats．front and rear(两扇或四扇门、双排座的)轿车
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- naughty (adj.) : improper，obscene不得体的；猥亵的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jazzy (adj.) : (a party)playing jazz music(舞会)放爵士音乐的 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
flask—toting (adj.) :always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor身带烈性酒的
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sheik (n.) : (Americanism)a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted[美国语](能使女子倾心的)美男子
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vagary (n.) : an odd，eccentric，or unexpected action or bit of conduct古怪行径；难以预测的行为
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- flapper (n.) : [colloq．](in the 1920’s)a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress [口](在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子，轻佻女郎
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perspective (n.) : a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events，esp. one that shows them in their true relations to one another正确理解或判断事物相互关系的能力
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jazzmad (adj.) : blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music爵士乐狂 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aftermath (n.) : a result or consequence，esp. an unpleasant one结果，后果(尤指令人不愉快的后果)
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provincial (adj.) : narrow，limited like that of rural provinces狭窄的；偏狭的；地方性的 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gentility (n.) : he quality of being genteel；now，specifically，excessive or affected refinement and elegance有教养，斯文，温文尔雅；(现尤指)假装文雅，假装斯文 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
aggressiveness (n.) : bold and energetic pursuit of one’s end，enterprise有进取心，进取精神
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bustle (v.) : hurry busily or with much fuss and bother繁忙，奔忙 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- medium (n.) : environment环境
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catalytic (adj.) : acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result起催化作用的；起刺激作用的
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precipitate (v.) : throw headlong；cause to happen before expected，needed；bring on猛抛，猛投；突然发生；促使
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obsolescent (adj.) : in the process of becoming obsolete即将过时的；逐渐被废弃的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mores (n.) : customs，esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society，often acquiring the force of law习俗
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sophistication (n.) : the state of being artificial，worldly—wise，urbane，etc．老于世故 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- faddishness (n.) : the following of fads赶时髦，赶时尚
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hectic (adj.) : characterized by excitement，rush，confusion，etc．兴奋的；忙乱的；混乱的
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gaiety (n.) : cheerfulness；the state of being gay高兴，快乐 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
perversion (n.) : a perverting or being perverted；corruption走入邪路；堕落；败坏 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prohibition (n.) : the forbidding by law of the manufacture，transportation，and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes；specifically in the U．S．，the period(1920—1933)of prohibition by Federal law(特指美国20~30年代的)禁酒法令 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
orgy (n.) : any wild riotous licentious merry—making；debauchery纵酒饮乐；狂欢 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- spree (n.) : a lively，noisy frolic狂欢，纵乐