2006届毕业设计说明书
株 洲 工 学 院 2006届毕业设计说明书
船舶用水润滑橡胶轴承模具及工装设计
院(系)、部： 机械工程学院 学生姓名： 熊四美 指导教师： 唐川林 职称 教授 专 业： 材料成型及控制工程 班 级： 机材02-2班 完成时间： 2006年5月29日
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2006届毕业设计说明书
目 录
摘 要 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1空气弹簧的发展现状 ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2空气弹簧橡胶囊的结构 ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4空气弹簧的控制系统 ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5空气弹簧的破坏形式 ................................................................................................................. 7 1.6空气弹簧承受垂直载荷时的弹性特性 ..................................................................................... 9 1.6空气弹簧承的选配 ................................................................................................................... 10 1.6空气弹簧承模具的设计与装配 ............................................................................................... 12 1.3空气弹簧 ................................................................................................................................... 18
1.3.1特点 ............................................................................................................................... 18 1.3.2空气弹簧的刚度特性 ................................................................................................... 19 1.3.3空气弹簧的有效面积特性 ........................................................................................... 20 1.3.4空气弹簧的空气悬架频率特性 ................................................................................... 20 1.3.5空气弹簧的空气悬架频率特性 ................................................................................... 21 1.3.5空气弹簧的设计制造技术要求及发展方向 ............................................................... 22 1.4模具的设计 ............................................................................................................................... 23
1.4.1模具结构 ........................................................................................................................ 23 1.4.2模具结构基本要求 ........................................................................................................ 25
2 橡胶模具和工装设计 ......................................................................................................................... 26
2.2橡胶模具设计 ........................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.1水润滑橡胶轴承模具设计原则 ................................................................................... 26 2.2.3模具结构的确定 ........................................................................................................... 26 2.2.4收缩率的确定 ............................................................................................................... 29 2.2.5型腔尺寸的计算 ........................................................................................................... 30 2.2.6模具外形尺寸的确定 ................................................................................................... 31 2.2.7压铸料腔的设计 ........................................................................................................... 31 2.2.9中模的设计 ................................................................................................................... 33 2.2.10上模的设计 ................................................................................................................. 34 2.2.11下模的设计 ................................................................................................................. 34 2.2.12模芯的设计 ................................................................................................................. 34 2.2.13模具材料的选用 ......................................................................................................... 34 2.2.14模具精度 ..................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.15脱模设计 ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.3.2工作原理 ....................................................................................................................... 36 2.3.3夹具心轴的设计 ........................................................................................................... 37 2.3.4球面垫圈，锥面垫圈及螺母的设计 ........................................................................... 45 2.3.5胀套的设计 ................................................................................................................... 45 2.3.6弹簧的设计 ................................................................................................................... 46
参考文献................................................................................................................................................. 49 致谢 ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
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2006届毕业设计说明书
附录 ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
摘 要
列举了水润滑轴承用的金属、塑料、陶瓷、橡胶材料的特点, 随着水润滑轴承的发展，在很多情况下，塑料、陶瓷、橡胶材料可用来替代金属轴承。轴承的高速化，重载化和低成本化对轴承的材料和润滑提出了更高的要求。对当前水润滑橡胶轴承的发展现状及存在的问题进行了深入剖析,并针对存在的问题进行了一些理论分析。对水润滑橡胶轴承及其润滑机理和工作特点进行了简单介绍,提出了水润滑橡胶轴承的设计原则及在设计中需注意的重要技术问题。提供了水润滑橡胶轴承的一些设计理论和设计公式。对水润滑橡胶轴承的工作特性和成型工艺进行分析，并进行了该产品的模具结构设计及精加工夹具设计。压铸模具采用轴分式模腔等结构，使模具结构简单合理；夹具采用心轴胀套式，使精加工方便，解决生产中的难题，取得良好的经济效益。
关键词 水润滑橡胶轴承；模具；心轴
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2006届毕业设计说明书
ABSTRACT
Some characters of the water lubricated bearings with different materials such as metal, plastics, pottery and rubber were introduced, with the development of the water lubricated bearings, they can be used instead of metal bearings in many situations. With the development of the bearings which is aiming at high speed, heavy load and low cost , strict requirement was presented for bearing materials and lubrication, the developing status and the existed problems of the present water lubricated rubber bearings was analyzed completely in the paper. Some numerical calculations and theoretical analysis were made for solving those problems. The lubricating mechanism and characteristics of the rubber bearings were introduced in the paper. On the basis of many native and foreign literatures in water lubricated rubber bearings, the designing standards and some key technical questions were discussed in the paper. Some theory analysis and formulae for design were presented. Analyzed the working behavior ,the structure characteristic , the moulding process of the water lubricated bearing, and the mould structure and the fixture of finishing cut have been also designed. This die-casting mould consists of the axis-separated cavity and the mosaic core and so on, which make the mould structure simple and reasonable. The fixture adopts the structure of arbor with swelling housing,
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2006届毕业设计说明书
which makes the cutting convenient. It solves the difficult problems in the production and receives good economic benefits.
Key words water-lubricated rubber bearings; mould; arbor
1 绪论
近年来,随着人们对车辆乘坐舒适性要求的提高和我国商用汽车特别是客车悬架技术的发展 ,空气弹簧悬架在商用汽车特别在客车上的应用日益广泛。目前,空气悬架的控制模式主要有机械控制和电子控制种。传统的空气悬架控制模式是采用机械高度控制阀,通过高度阀阀门的开启控制气囊的充放气,从而保持车辆恒定的行驶高度 但随着空气悬架应用的推广和车辆控制技术的发展 ,电子控制模式逐渐被应用 ,这种模式不仅提高了操作的舒适性和反应的灵敏度,而且能利用悬架侧倾实现单独升降 这在城市客车中有很重要 的作用 和自动调整空气弹簧的刚度及阻尼等功能 ,提高了行驶的平顺性和操纵稳定性,同时降低车辆转向时的侧倾和减少空气的消耗量 。
空气弹簧悬架系统是高档客车关键部件 ,是汽车钢板弹簧悬架系统的更新换代产品 ,现已成为提升客车性能的主要部件之一 ,其独特的变刚度、 低振动频率、 抗道路冲击的特性,更加有效地提高了汽车行驶平顺性以及操纵稳定性(通过试验证明同样一种车型的客车 ,用装有空气悬架和普通钢板弹簧做比较平顺性要小 426dB) ,同时还具有提高运行速度、 减少路面破坏等多项性能。在国外 , 空气悬架系统在大客车上得到广泛应用。如纽波兰BN316、INBUSL303、 奔驰 O371、 沃尔沃 R10R 等客车上都广泛应用空气悬架。在国内 ,近些年来, 国产的大型高档客车特别是引进国外先进技术制造的大型高档客车大都采用了空气弹簧悬架。如扬州亚星产客车选
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