It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事
2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词) She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
3. forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doing sth_________________________ can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth __________________ can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________
sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth ____________________ sth be used to do sth ________________________
be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事 be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。） Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。） I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。） I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。） I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。） I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。） Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）
I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）
4.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语： allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.
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动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。
Sth need/ want/require doing / to be done …需要….
Sth be worth doing …值得…. deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying.
These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑。 5.to为介词的短语 devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...)；look forward to (期望)；pay attention to (注意)； attach importance to (重视)； be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致)；the key to doing sth (做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to (反对)；contribute to (有助于)；be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ；due to（由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但是why后加不带to的不定式。
He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work. I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.
We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go. Can you tell me why do it? 7.在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。 I love swimming. I love to swim today.
8.start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 典型例题
1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.
3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.
4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.
5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair). 6. —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.
7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone. 8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. 9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.
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10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee. 11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim?
12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize). 13. —They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.
14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month. 15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please? 16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught. 17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.
18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl. 19. He was considering changed his mind. 20. He was considered to be very rich.
21. Don’t worry. We can manage to help you out. 22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.
23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success. 24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.
25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.
26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.
27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him. 28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.
29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam. 30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.
31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door. 34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon. 35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation. 36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.
37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ. 38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.
39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing? 40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.
41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.
42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest? 43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.
44. She didn’t mind her books taken away and used by other students. 45. I insist on Mary go there.
46. I knew nothing about the window was open.
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47. He left the city without our know it. 答案：
1.to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.talk改为taking 14.正确 15.turn改为turning 16.caught前加being 17.正确 18.正确 19.changed改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确 24.correct改为correcting 25.attecked前加being 26.having改为being 27.speak改为speaking 28.study改为studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31.正确 32.taken前加being 33.正确 34.painting改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 38.admiring 39.正确 40.paid前加being 41.being 42.winning 43.I改为my或me 44.taken前加being 45.go改为going，或去掉on 46.was改为being 47.know改为knowing 五．作状语
不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 (一)不定式作状语
1. 不定式作目的状语
In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。
To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early. = He gets up early to catch the early bus.
Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number. 2. 不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。
I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down. He is clever enough to be fit for the job.
Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. 比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果) I’m too tired to stay up longer.
注意：only too…to结构中，并非是“太….而不能….”之意，而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。
I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。 I’m too willing to help you. 3. 不定式作原因状语
当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。 This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. （二）分词做状语
分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用。
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(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系 V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系
(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前 (not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前 1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you.
2.____________(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and
animals not found in any other country in the world.
3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. 5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students. 6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.
参考答案：1.offered 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told
7. having received
(三) 独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到 judging from/by 根据....判断 compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设 to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说 To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是 seeing that 鉴于
Considering his age, he is quite tall.
Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.
I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain. To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. 练习：
1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock. 2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed. 4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.
5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in. 6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police. 7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock). 8).With winter_______(come) on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).
10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open). 11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall. 12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do). 13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)
参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost
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