江苏省2002年普通高校专转本统一考试
英语试卷
本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。第一卷1至10页,第二卷11页至14页。两卷满分100分。考试时间120分钟。
第一卷 (共70分)
注意事项:
1.答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考试证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。如果答案不涂写在答题卡上，成绩无效。
Part I Reading comprehension(40%, 35 minutes)
Directions: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
In Washington, D.C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States.
Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nation’s new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L’Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L’Enfant then planned the city. The president’s home was an important part of the plan.
A contest was held to pick a design for the president’s home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three- story house of gray stone.
President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife. Mrs. Adams did not really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm.
In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. They burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace.
After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president’s home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House.
The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through five rooms that are open to the public. 1. The White House was built in Washington _____.
A. because a French engineer was invited to design it B. because President George Washington liked to live in it C. because the British invaders lived in it in 1812-1814
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D. because it was to be the nation’s capital city. 2. The President Palace was __________.
A. painted gray and white B. made of gray stone C. made of white stone
D. made very warm in winter
3. The president’s home and the city of Washington were _______.
A. built by the American army B. built by the British troops
C. planned by George Washington D. planned by the French
4. The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt _______.
A. because John Adam’s wife did not like it
B. because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplaces C. because it had burned down during the war
D. because George Washington was not willing to live in it 5. The new presidential home was painted white to _______.
A. cover the marks of fire B. attract tourists from France C. to please Mrs. John Adams D. keep it warm in winter
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.
Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.
To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question has four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.
Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.
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6. Henning made the experiment in order to study _____.
A. how students remember English vocabulary by short-term memory B. how students learn English vocabulary C. how to develop students’ ability in English
D. how long information in short-term memory is kept
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory. B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.
C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory. D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students. 8. From Henning’s results we can see that _______.
A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words B. advanced students remember words by their meaning C. it is difficult to remember words that sound alike
D. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning 9. The word “subject” in the passage means ______.
A. the college course the students take B. the theme of the listening material C. a branch of knowledge studied D. the student experimented on 10. The passage centers on _________.
A. memory
B. two kinds of memory C. short-term memory
D. an experiment on students
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
The cowboy is the hero of many movies. He is, even today, a symbol of courage and adventure. But what was the life of the cowboy really like?
The cowboy’s job is clear from the word cowboy. Cowboys were men who took care of cows and other cattle. The cattle were in the West and in Texas. People in the cities of the East wanted beef from these cattle. Trains could take the cattle east. But first the cattle had to get to the trains. Part of the cowboy’s job was to take the cattle hundreds of miles to the railroad towns.
The trips were called cattle drives. A cattle drive usually took several months. Cowboys rode for sixteen hours a day. Because they rode so much, each cowboy brought along about eight horses. A cowboy changed horses several times each day.
The cowboys had to make sure that the cattle arrived safely. Before starting on a drive, the cowboys branded the cattle. They burned a mark on the cattle to show who they belonged to. But these marks didn’t stop rustlers, or cattle thieves. Cowboys had to protect the cattle from rustlers. Rustlers made the dangerous trip even more dangerous.
Even though their work was very difficult and dangerous, cowboys did not earn much money. They were paid bally. Yet cowboys liked their way of life. They lived in a wild and open country. They lived a life of adventure and freedom.
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11. A cowboy is a symbol of _____.
A. courage and adventure B. a hard life and big pay C. movies in the past D. cows and other cattle
12. The cowboy’s job was _______.
A. to be a hero in real life B. to be a hero of the movie C. to take care of cattle
D. to take a dangerous rustler
13. During a cattle drive, cowboys took a group of cows from a wild and open country to ______.
A. the West states and Texas B. the cities of the East States
C. the people who eat beef in the cities D. the railroad towns hundred miles away
14. On their way of cattle drives, the cowboys protected the cattle by _____.
A. burning a mark on their cows B. keeping an eye on cattle thieves C. making the trip more dangerous D. looking after eight cows each person
15. Cowboys enjoyed themselves because ______.
A. they liked their way of life B. they made a lot of money C. they had a very difficult job D. they were heroes in movies
Passage 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per person. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.
In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic turn of mind. Had they been \they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”, they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.
16. According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?
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A. Animals B. Humans C. Engines D. Water
17. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?
A. Older technologies die away. B. The quality of life is improved. C. Overall productivity increases.
D. More raw materials become necessary.
18. It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870______. A. technology began to be more economical B. the steam engine had been invented
C. the U. S. horse population was about 10 million
D. a national commission on agriculture had been established
19. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that \ A. plan the economy through yearly forecasts
B. fail to consider the influence of technological innovation C. value the economic contribution of farm animals D. consult the national commission on the economy
20. What is the author’s attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovation? A. He is excited about them. B. He accepts them as natural. C. He is disturbed by them.
D. He questions their usefulness.
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%，25 minutes)
Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. _____ the difficulties associated with the project, we’ll go on with it.
A. Given B. In spite of C. Thanks to D. Because of 22. It was almost dark in the streets _______ a few very powerful spotlights. A. excluding B. but for C. except D. except for 23. _______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. If he leaves C. Was he leaving D. Were he to leave 24. He gave me some very _______ advice on buying a house.
A. precious B. expensive C. wealthy D. dear
25. His goal is not to become a sportsman _________ a champion in a certain field. A. but rather became B. but rather to become C. but rather becoming D. but rather to becoming 26. I just met her__________ on the way home from the bookstore.
A. on purpose B. by accident C. in accident D. in case 27. I don’t know about him, __________ comment on him behind his back.
A. let alone B. let go C. leave alone D. take leave 28. My transistor radio is out of order. It ___________.
A. need to be repaired B. need repairing C. needs repairing D. needs to repair 29. No one could tell us anything about the _________ strangers.
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