学而思教育学校（英语必修三）
Module1 Europe
第一课时：Word study
1. across prep .&adv.(cross v.)
come across 偶然遇到
get across 通过；使被理解；解释清楚 10 meters across 宽十米 辨析：
across：表示从一定范围内的一边到另一边，沿物体的表面通过。 through：表示动作在空间内进行。 over：表示“穿越”，指越过较高物体。
2. continental adj. 大陆的,大陆性的 continent大陆
a continental climate大陆性气候
continental breakfast 欧式早餐（只供应面包、咖啡的简单早餐） continental divide 大陆分水岭 continental drift 大陆漂移
continental shelf 大陆架 the Continental Congress 大陆会议 continent (C) n.大陆 Asia 亚洲 Africa 非洲 North America 北美洲 South America 南美洲
Europe 欧洲 Australia 澳洲 Antarctica 南极洲 the New Continent 新大陆，指南北美洲大陆 3.face n.脸；面；表面 v. 面对；面临；朝向；正视 in (the) face of面对
be faced with 面临，面对??
make a face (make faces)做鬼脸；扮怪脸 face up to 大胆面向
hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸 save one's face保全面子 lose one’s face失面子 face to face 面对面
4. range n. 排；连续；山脉；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程 v. 排列，使排队；(动植物)分布；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 Between France and Spain is another mountain range – the Pyrenees.
a wide range of 广泛的?；各种各样的 a full range of 各种??
within/in range of在??的范围内
beyond/out of one‘s range超越了?? 的范围
range from...to... 在??范围内变动，包括(由??到??)之间的各类事物 range between...and... 在??和??范围内变动
range over 范围涉及 range?in rows 把??排成队
e.g. (1)The child was now out of her range of vision.这孩子已经走出了她的视线。 (2)There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。 (3)Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million. 估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。
(4)She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
学而思教育学校（英语必修三）
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
5. situated = located adj. 坐落(某处)的；位于(某处的) situate vt. 使位于，使处于 situation n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；形势，立场 be situated on / in/ at? 位于?? 的；处于??地位（境遇、状态）的 be located at/ in/ on?位于?? 的；处于??位置 be badly/well situated境况困难/良好
be in an embarrassing situation处境尴尬 save the situation 挽回局势 the international situation国际(国内)形势
feel out the situation 摸清底细 （情况） location n. 位置，场所，所在地
on location 拍摄外景的，拍摄外景中
e.g. (1)The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。 (2)He was very badly situated. 他处于困境中。
(3)I am now in a difficult situation. 我现在处境困难。 辨析：situate /locate
(1) be situated on/ in / at? 与be located on/ in / at?意义相同，都可表示“位于?的，坐落在?的”意思
Where will the school be situated /located?
(2) situated 做为形容词用时，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于??境况”。 --- How are you situated? 你情况如何？ --- Very badly. 坏极了
(3) locate 还可以表示“确定某物的位置，找出??的场所”之意。 We located the island on the map.
6.civilization n．文明civilize v．使文明；有修养civilized adj.有教养的 7. symbol n. 象征；符号
The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. Generally, we use X as the symbol for an unknown quantity. symbol /sign/ signal
(1)symbol指作为象征意义或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。 (2)sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。 (3) signal指为某一目的而有意义的信号。
(4)mark 指其他事物上留下清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记，记号等。
8.opposite prep. 在??对面 adj. 相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的 adv. 在对面 n. 反义词，对立的事物，相反的人
The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.
The library is on the opposite side of the road from our school.
opposition n. 反对，敌对，相反 oppositely adv. 相对地，对立地
be opposite from与??相反；不相容 be opposite to在??对面；与??相反 just the opposite恰恰相反 be opposed to?反对??; 反抗?? in opposition to sb./sth. 反对??
e.g.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar. 坐在我们对面的人看上去面 (2)Light is opposite to shadow. 光亮与阴暗是相反的。
(3)Mary isn't shy at all—just the opposite in fact.玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。 (4)We sat opposite，talking. 我们相对而坐，说着话。
学而思教育学校（英语必修三）
9. govern vt.统治；治理government n．政府governor n．统治者 10.head n. 领导；领袖；头； v. 带领；向??方向前进
In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen. When the engine caught fire, I just lost my head.
当head意为“领导；领袖；头；头脑”时是可数名词；但作为量词，表示“多少头”时不可用复数。
keep one’s head 保持冷静 lose one’s head 头脑不清醒，慌张 a clear/cool head 冷静/清醒的头脑 hold one’s head high 昂首挺胸 from head to foot 从头到脚；全身；完全 head for/ toward?朝??;向?? 11. sign n. 记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹 v. 签(名)；做手势；做记号 signature n. 签名 traffic signs 交通标志 a sign of rain下雨的预兆 talk by signs用手势交谈 make/give a sign to对??做手势 sign in/out签到/签退 sign for/up签字领取/报名参加 sign sb. to do sth. 打手势让某人做某事 sign (your name) here, please.
e.g. (1)There were no signs of life on the island. 那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。 (2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign. 在我发信号之前，谁也没动。 (3)He signs (to/for) me to stop. 他打手势让我停下。
(4)This is a registered letter, and someone will have to sign for it. 这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。
(5)I'm thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term. 我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。
12. geographical adj.地理的geography n．地理学 第二课时：Text
1. The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
① off the coast of ? 离陆地不远的海上 ② on the coast 指在离海面附近的陆地上
I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England. He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.
句中的off是介词，译为“与?相离，脱离”
e.g. He lives in a village a little away off the road. 他住在离大路不远的村子里。
It will be a good thing when those old cars are off the roads.那些旧车不再上路将是件大好事 from指从某个起点离开或行为从某个起点开始；off指离开或脱离某物。
2. France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
①Europe’s third largest country 形容词的 最高级 级前加上了序数词third 来修饰 e.g. The second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuan. 第二贵的西服花了我1000。 ②三种常见倍数句式： ①倍数+as+adj/adv(原型)+as ②倍数+adj/adv(比较级)+than
③倍数+the size /length /depth? of
3.Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean... 意大利在欧洲南部?? on（表示接近）接近于?,面向?（河川、道路等的）旁边，沿着，朝着? a town on the river 河畔的城镇
学而思教育学校（英语必修三）
Paris is located on the River Seine. 巴黎位于塞纳河上。 on表示事物与另一区域的接壤关系；
to表示事物对区域范围之外的另一事物的位置； in表示在范围内。
4. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.
① Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语 Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语
e.g. Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasses. 接近70%的学生都戴眼镜。 Half of the food was wasted. 一半的食物都浪费了
② cover v. 覆盖 cover A with B== A is covered with/by被?..所覆盖 from cover to cover 从头到尾 under cover 被守护 5.PARIS
①be situated(located) on/in 位于某处 ②more than超过；不仅仅 ③be famous for因?而出名 6.BARCELONA
①the second largest city 第二个最大的城市 ②be designed by (sb.)由?所设计
③work on从事 ④not?until直到?才? 7.FLORENCE
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. ①“Florence is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后which引导的是定语从句，修饰city。从句中“a great artistic movement...”是the Renaissance的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一个定语从句 “which began in ... years”来修饰movement。 ② because of “由于，因为” (后接n./doing/pron) ＝thanks to, owning to，as a result of ,due to，on account of 而because是一个连词，后者接句子。
试比较：He was late because of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday. ③ in the 1300s 意为“在14世纪30年代”，注意表示“??世纪??年代”时，要在年代后加s，类似的表达有：in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时。 8.ATHENCE
Their work has influenced over writers ever since. ever since “从那以后”，要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last (month), in/for the past＋ 一段时间,since...ago等。 eg. ①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since . 他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。
②I haven‘t seen her since ten years ago. 自十年前至今，我没见过她。
③We have completed half of the work so far . 到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。 ④The couple have been working very hard for/in the last(past ) ten years. 在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。 【拓展】：(1)It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since从句（过去时）...自从??已经多久了 It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。
学而思教育学校（英语必修三）
It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。
（2）It will be/was＋时间段＋before从句...再有多长时间才?? It was 2 years before we met each other again.
It will not be long before he knows the truth.过不了多久，他就会知道真相，
(3) 在 It is/was＋时间段＋since...句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化
第三课时：Grammar
Part 1 Subject and Verb agreement主谓一致 (一)主谓一致三原则
1．语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。 e.g. He does well in math.
Australia is an extremely rich country.
2．意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。 e.g. The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.
那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
3．就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。 e.g. Either he or I am right.
There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 【注】：①三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。eg. More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。 e.g. More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数) (二)主谓一致细说
1．谓语用单数时的情况： (1)不可数名词做主语时。 e.g. There is a lot of water in the jar.
【注】：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。 eg. One million tons of oil were produced last year.
(2)不定式短语((to do)、动名词短语(doing sth.)和从句做主语时。 e.g. That she will come here tomorrow is certain. Taking more exercises is healthy.
【注】：①what 从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：
What they want is nothing but a rest. 和 What he wants are two books. ②当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。 e.g. What he said has left us much to think about.
(3)主语是形单意单的词 ①主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as，with，together with，besides，except，but，including，rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。(就前原则) e.g. The teacher as well as his students is playing football. In some parts of the world，tea is served with milk or sugar. ②主语是 each 或单数主语被 each，every 修饰时。 e.g. Each of the boys has a pencil box. Here every student is good at drawing. 【注】：单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语也用单数。