38. Which of the following is most related to children‘s reading ability?
A. Radio-listening B. Television-watching C. Parents‘ reading list
D. Parents‘ educational background 39. Anderson believed that _________.
A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV
C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school 40. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise on the educational use of TV. B. To describe TV‘s harmful effects on children. C. To explain traditional views on TV influences. D. To present Anderson‘s unconventional ideas. 【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述著名心理学家Daniel Anderson对孩子们看电视的看法，打破了以往人们认为看电视对孩子不好的想法。他认为孩子们看电视不知学到显现出来的东西；父母陪孩子看电视，孩子可以学到更多知识；孩子看电视并没有代替孩子阅读，并没有影响孩子的智商。
36. B细节理解题。根据第二段的Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.可知孩子们通过看电视，可以学到显性和隐藏的意义，因此不仅仅学到隐藏的意思。故选B。
37. C推理判断题。根据第二段的Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them“孩子们有父母陪着看电视理解的更多”，故推断教育节目最好是父母陪着孩子看。故选C。
38. D细节理解题。根据第三段的Things like parents‘ educational background have a stronger influence on a child‘s reading.可知父母的教育背景对孩子的阅读有很强的影响。故选D。
39. C细节理解题。根据第四段的“If you‘re smart young, you‘ll watch less TV when you‘re older”可知如果你小时越聪明，长大看电视看得越来越少。故选C。
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40. D推理判断题。根据最后一段的Anderson suggests that television cannot condemned without considering other influences.“Anderson认为不应该按照常规，不考虑电视的其他影响而去谴责电视”故推断这篇文章的目的是呈现Anderson打破常规的想法，故选D。 【考点定位】教育类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】本文侧重考查学生的细节理解能力。问题设置巧妙，根据题干要求，学生自己阅读，就能在文中找到答案。尤其第40题，充分考查了学生的语篇理解能力。同时，这篇短文提出的一种与常规不一样的看法，看电视对孩子是有好处的。 6.【2015·陕西】C
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world‘s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area‘s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees‘ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B. It leads to air pollution and global warming. C. It slows down the loss of shade trees. D. It improves local soil conditions. 55. The purpose of the text is to .
A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade 56. Where does this text probably come from ? A. An agricultural magazine.
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B. A medical journal. C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide.
57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产给环境和生态带来的种种危害，呼吁人们不要购买这种咖啡，而要买对环境有利的产品。
54.细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子：The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来空气污染和全球气温变暖，故选B。
55.写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的句子：But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.可知作者的意图是劝说人们购买阴凉处种植的咖啡，这样对环境是有好处的，故选D。
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56.推理判断题。文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来的破坏，应该是出自一本农业杂志，故选A。 57.文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选A。 【考点定位】环保类阅读理解
【名师点睛】这篇文章内容不是学生非常熟悉的，但是篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了抓住主旨，理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，如：判断文章的出处，作者的意图，文章的结构。这些不是某个句子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。 7.【2015·四川】D
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds‘ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, \output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.\
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, \me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.\
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
42.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?
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A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modern life
C. The dangerous environment. D. The noise from heavy machinery.
43.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output? A. The environment might be polluted. B. The birds' health might be damaged. C. The industry cost might be increased. D. The people's hearing might be affected.
44.What does the underlined word \ A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night. C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments? A. Because there are fewer dangers. B. Because there is more food to eat. C. Because there is less light pollution
D. Because there are more places to take shelter. 【解析】
试题分析：本文主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。
42.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake可知选择B。 43.B 细节理解题。根据文章Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.\可知，唱歌唱得越多，就会损耗更多的能量，故选择B。
44.A 词义辨析题。根据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，故选择A，指晚上很兴奋。学科网
45.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方，故选择A，指在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。
【考点定位】考查说明文阅读
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