C. fight against heavy floods D. build the pipes above ground
63.The underlined word \ A. change C. repair
B. lift D. decorate
64.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A. It went on smoothly as intended. B. It interrupted the business of the hotel. C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews. D. It separated the building from its foundation.
65.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______. A. popular life styles and their influences B. environmental disasters and their causes C. engineering problems and their solutions D. successful businessmen and their achievements 【答案】 61．B 62．D 63．B 64．A 65．C 【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案
61．B;细节推理题。根据文章的第一段第一句话：In early history, Chicago had floors frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck.可知芝加哥因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，行人，马和车全部都堵在路上。所以作者提及那个玩笑是为了突出芝加哥这一特点，故选B
62．D;细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话：An engineer named Eill Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover thenwith dirt.可知以Eill Chesbrough为首的人们认为
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应该在地上埋下排水管道，故选D
63．B;细节推理题。根据后文：Small wood-frame building could be lifted fairly easily.可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高。故选B
64．A;细节推理题。根据倒数第二段中的倒数第二句话：At Pullman‘s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.(在Pullman的指导下，每个人同时抬起他们手中的千斤顶，因此建筑就被慢慢地、平整地抬起来了)可知A项正确, 故选A
65．C;主旨大意题。文章的第一段就提出芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来的段落讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到这些方法虽然解决当前的问题，但是随之而来的又会冒出一些新的问题有待解决。故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决办法，故选C 【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】这是一篇科普类的文章，主要是考查上下文理解和对文章细节的把握，明白作者的构思在文章中给出的自己想法和观点以及对文章的总结。例如最后一段：Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.可知作者觉得所有的解决办法都会解决了原有的问题后又产生出一个新的问题。这是对文章的一个总结。
13.【2015·新课标全国II】B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they‘re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn‘t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it‘s time to repaint, go blue.
Don‘t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you‘re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing
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music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we‘ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____. A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets
26. A home environment in blue can help people ____. A. digest food better B. reduce food intake C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites
27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music C. Use smaller spoons D. Turn down the lights
28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【答案】 25. B 26. B 27.C 28.A 【解析】
试题分析：你家的房子对你的身材很有影响。长胖还是变瘦关键看你如何设计自己的家了。我们这里有很好的建议4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。
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25. B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。 26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。
27.C 推理判断题。本题是在考查考生是否理解了4条建议。第4段People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.，说明吃得慢就吃得少，吃得快就多，故A错；If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.说明放舒缓的音乐可以让人吃得慢，反之则快，故B错；第二段Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,由此可知房间暗会增加饮食，所以D错；最后一段When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.用大勺和小勺吃饭，相差14%，故选C。
28.A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。 【考点定位】科普类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。 14.【2015·新课标全国I】D
[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France‘s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the ―talking cure‖. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn‘t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. ―You are forbidden to say ?one feels,‘ or ?people think‘,‖ Lehane told them. ―Say ?I think,‘ ?Think me‘.‖
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn‘t seem more un-French. But Lehanne‘s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It‘s trying to help the city‘s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation‘s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to
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change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city‘s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne‘s group just to learn to say what they feel. ―There‘s a strong need in Paris for communication,‖ says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. ―People have few real friends. And they need to open up.‖ Lehanne says she‘d like to see psychology cafes all over France. ―If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn‘t exist‖, she says, ―If life weren‘t a battle, people wouldn‘t need a special place just to speak.‖ But them, it wouldn‘t be France. 32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subject B. Keep in touch with friends. C. Show off their knowledge. D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A. They are less frequently visited. B. They stay open for longer hours. C. They have bigger night crowds. D. They start to serve fast food. 34. What are theme cafes expected to do? A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks. C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris? A. They bring people true friendship. B. They give people spiritual support. C. They help people realize their dreams. D. They offer a platform for business links.
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[来源:Zxxk.Com]
【答案】 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】
试题分析：文章主要讲述了法国精神咖啡馆（psychology cafes）的社会意义和功能特色，以及在法国越来越受欢迎。
32. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知在La Chope咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D。
33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation‘s desire to spend more time at home.可知改变了更多时间呆在家里的更年轻一代人。故选A。
34. C 推理判断题。根据第二段Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可以得出答案。故选C。
35. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句话―If people had normal lives, these cafes would‘t exist‖, she says,‖If life weren‘t a battle, people wouln‘t need a special place just to speak.‖ But them, it wouldn‘t be France.可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。学科网 【考点定位】社会类短文阅读
【名师点睛】这是一篇社会类短文阅读。难度中等偏上，学生不易读懂。但是第32和33题均为考查细节理解题，问题设计比较简单，考生只需通过关键词定位即可得出答案。其中第34和35题需要在原文的内容的基础之上作出推理，才能判断出正确的答案。考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。
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