2018届长宁区第二学期教学质量检测（二模）
高三英语试题
A Great Friendship
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of government, ____21____ (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were ____22_____(share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months ____23___ he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison’s reply remind us that friends are friends till death.
“The friendship which _____24_____ ( exist) between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. It's also been a great comfort to me ____25____ (believe) that you are engaged in vindicating(证实) to the younger generation the course that we’ve pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with ____26____single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to ___27____ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last Affections.”
A week later, Madison replied.
“You cannot look back ____28____ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. ____29____ they are a source of pleasure to you, it is the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去) of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good and I have confidence ____30____ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”
Section B. A. analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E. development F. necessary G. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremely
He is kindly
The other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.
I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.
Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one
of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.
Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)
Quality teaching depends on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work __41__ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their __42__.
If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the __43__ of each aspect of their work – a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.
As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school __44__, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, __46__ looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make __47__ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong).
In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ __49__ and progress on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social __50__, the acquisition of workplace skills and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be __55__ if they are not improved.
41. A. occasionally
B. closely
C. strictly
D. peacefully
42. A. challenges 43. A. effectiveness 45. A. taking 46. A. as far as 48. A. quantity
44. A. instruction
B. competence B. faults
B. protection B. improving B. rather than B. decisions B. quality B. structure B. healthy
C. curriculum
D. practices
C. progress D. requirements D. consideration D. copying D. as well as D. suggestions D. support D. interest D. benefits D. extent D. unique D. rewarded D. explanations D. pulled down
C. inspection C. examining C. other than C. inquiries C. attention
C. instruction C. resources C. satisfaction C. different
47. A. judgments 49. A. education 50. A. responsibility 51. A. frequency 53. A. appreciated 54. A. attention 55. A. set down
Section B 22%
B. performance B. consistence
52. A. comparable
B. criticized C. recommended C. evaluation C. closed down
B. programs B. put down
(A)
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWS
Human
Warning from Experts
A growing amount of human-made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)一 from rocket stages and out-of-date satellite ---is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “ This is a growing environmental problem,” said Nicholas Jonson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.
Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will remain steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused o limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.
Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13 000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson sand. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.
These objects travel at speeds over 35, 000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.
Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an object's orbit
Animal News Ancient World Space Tech Culture to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem. “Johnson admits. “It’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”
56. What is this passage mainly talking about?
A. Advanced technology is used to remove spaces junk B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem. C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed D. Human activities generate much orbital debris 57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft
58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth? A. Reasonable B. Unbelievable C. Reliable D. Impractical
(B)
ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜) scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives. When picking up a child, the adult provides a driver’s license and then submits to an eye scan. If the iris image camera recognizes his or her eyes, the door clicks open.
The Freehold Borough School District launched this
high-tech security system on Monday with funding from the Department of Justice as part of a study on the system’s effectiveness.
As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each
child in the district, but in order to be authorized to come into school, they will be asked to register with the district’s iris recognition
security and visitor management system. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.
If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International lights in the front office. The entire process takes just seconds.
Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.
An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details—far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.
Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said. “We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”
Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed