篮球。
He is seen playing basketball on the playground now . 例子:
主动语态 :Mr.Smith made his students copy the telephone number again . Mr.Smith使得他的学生又抄了遍电话号码。
被动语态 :The students are made to copy the telephone number again by Mr.Smith
学生们被Mr.Smith使的再抄了一次电话号码。
主动语态 :I often hear him sing in his room .我经常听到他在房间里唱歌。 被动语态 : He is often heard to sing in his room . 他经常被听到在房里唱歌。
重点(三): 不要漏掉介词:
If the small trees are taken good care of , they will grow up quickly .注意of 不可以去掉
Mr. Smith ‘s story was laughed at by everyone who heard it . 注意at不可以去掉.
重点(四):
cost(发费) ,last( 持续),feel(摸起来) ,taste(尝起来 ,smell(闻起来),sound (听起来) ,happen (发生), take place (发生)等没有被动语态,不能用于被动语态中。 例子:
I like this silk dress ,and it feels so comfortable .我喜欢这件丝绸裙子,摸起来是如此舒服。
What happens to her ? 她发生了什么事情? That sounds good . 那听起来太好了。
十四 .时态
1. 一般现在时:表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态:is \\am \\are +adj +pron 主语+动词 重点一:
常与always(总是), usually(通常), often(常常), never(从来不), once a week(一 个星期一次), once a month(一个月一次), seldom(很少),these days( 这些日子,目前),sometimes(有时候) ,on Sundays( 在星期天), every day(每一天), every week (每个星期) 等连用 I often get up at six in the morning .(我通常六点起来) I usually go to school on foot .( 我通常步行来学校) It never snows in Australia in December. 重点二:
表示客观事实、普遍真理、以及人为规定的飞机火车出发及到达的时间.
The moon goes round the earth .(客观真理) There is 60 minutes in an hour . (客观真理) The plane takes off at 6 this afternoon . 起飞。 重点三:
在时间,条件状语从句中用一般现在是代替将来时(即紧跟在if ,as soon as ,when(当----的时候) 后的句子用一般现在是代替将来时,主句用将来时) If it doesn’t rain tomorrow , we ‘ll go to climb Baiyun hill with my friends ..
如果明天不下雨的话,我和我的朋友们去爬白云山
If you’re late , you should say “ sorry ” to the teacher . 如果你迟到了,你应该跟老师说对不起。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem. 只要你一有困难我就会帮助你。
2. 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 。 主语+will + V( 动词原形)
主语+is \\am \\are going to do sth
常与以下的时间状语连用: tomorrow( 明天) , the day after tomorrow (后天),this afternoon , next year(明年) ,in the future ( 将来), in a day\\two weeks \\three years ( 一天二个星期\\三年后), soon(不久) , in a minute (马上). 例子:
He will come back in five minutes . 5分钟后他就回来。 I will go to Shanghai this Sunday . 这周日我去上海。
3. 过去将来时:表示从过去的某一个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 : would + V
was \\were going to do sth
常与以下的时间状语连用: the next day过去时间的第二天 ,the next year ,she said that等从句中。
We never knew what would happen to the world in a hundred years . 我们永远都不会知道一百年后世上会发生什么事情。 She said that she would come here the next day . 她说她第二天就来这里。
4. 一般过去式:表示过去发生的某个动作或状态。 主语+ was \\were + adj ------ 主语+did
常与以下的时间状语连用:Yesterday(昨天) , the day before yesterday ( 前天), two days \\two years ago (2天\\年以前 ) , last week(上个星期), last year(去年) ,the other day(几天以前) ,once upon a time(曾经) ,just now ( 刚才) ,in the old days(在以前的那些日子里) , in 1989( 在1989年) 例子:
He slept for 8 hours last night 。他昨晚睡了8个小时。 He phones me just now . 他刚才给我打电话了
5. 现在进行时;表示现在或这段时间正在进行的动作:is \\am \\are doing sth 常与:look看,listen 听,now 现在等连用,关键是根据上下文的语境来判断》 例句:
look! The children are playing basketball on the playground 。
6. 过去进行时:表示过去正在进行的动作: was \\were doing sth.
常与when\\while (当----的时候),at that time 在那时,this time 这个时间,yesterday morning 昨天早上,at 8:00 yesterday evening .昨晚8点。; 例句:
Peter was doing his homework when \\while I saw him .当我看到Peter的时候,他正在做家庭作业。
What were you doing at 9: 00 o’clock yesterday morning ? 昨天上午九点你在做什么?
7.现在完成时:
常与以下的时间状语连用:
already(已经 ), just(刚 ) ever(曾经), never(从来不), once(一次)\\twice (二次), recently (最近地), these days(目前) , since(自---以来), for (后接一段时间), in the past few years (过去几年来) this week , lately(最近地) ,
during the last two weeks(在上2 个星期以来), since yesterday, since two days ago (自从二天前以来), since 2002(自2002年以来) , for a long time , for a month , so far(到目前为止 ,直到现在),
up to now( 到目前为止 ,直到现在), till now(到目前为止 ,直到现在) 1)My classmates have already cleaned our classroom ,look ,how clean it is !( 同学们已经把教室打扫干净了,瞧,多干净啦!)
2)I’ve just finished my homework . 我刚做完我的家庭作业。
3)We’ve known each other since 1996. 自1996年以来,我们就彼此认识。 4)I have collected 1000 stamps so far\%up to now .到目前为止,我已经收集了1000张邮票。 (二)用法:
1).表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: I’ve already posted the photos .( 说明这些照片已不在我这了) ------Have you had your supper yet? 你已吃过晚饭了吗?
-------Yes. I have . I’ve just had it .。是的,刚吃过。(说明现在已经不饿了)
2)从过去开始的某一动作持续到现在、还有可能继续持续下去。可以和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内的)一段时间的状语连用 for +一段时间
since +过去某一时间点
since+表示一般过去时的时间从句
She has been ill for three days .她已经病了三天了。
I have been in Guzhen for 15 years since I was born in 1990. I haven’t been there these days
------How long have you studied English ? ------We have learned English for 9 years .
3) 常含有“已经”的概念。常与 already, yet(仍然,还,尚 ) 连用。 注:already常用于肯定句当中,yet 用于疑问句和否定句当中,且常放在句子的末尾。
I have already watered the flowers . Have you finished your homework yet ? No , I haven’t yet .
(三) have \\has gone to ————表示已经去某地了(还没回来) have \\has been to ————表示曾经去过某地(已经回来了) have \\has been in ————表示已经在某地
Where has he been ? 他刚才到哪儿去了( 说明他已经回来了) She has been to Shanghai. 她到过上海
She has gone to Shanghai 她到上海去了(她可能在去上海的路上,或已经到上海,总之现在没有回来)
★ 注意:非延续性动词不可以与时间段连用。
8. 过去完成时:
表示过去的某个时间之前已经发生的动作:即表示过去的过去: had + V 常与以下的时间状语连用:
by the end of + 过去的时间, when 当-----的时候, by the time 在----之前,当-----的时候。 例句:
We had learned more than 5000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期期末止,我们已经学习了5000多个英语单词。
The train had already started when they got to the train station . 当他们到达火车站的时候,火车已经开走了
I remembered that Peter had taken my English book away . 我记得Peter把我的书拿走了.
By the time my parents came home yesterday ,I had cooked the dinner . 当我爸妈昨晚回来的时候,我已经做好了饭菜。
十五.复合句(“主句+从句”或“从句+主句”)
一、定语从句:
一个句子用来修饰某个名词。我们把“这个作宾语的句子”称为定语从句。而这个被修饰的名词,我们称它为先行词。当这个名词(即先行词)是指物时,引导词(即连接词)要用that 或which,(当名词前有形容词最高级或only, just 等词时,只能用that。):当先行词是指人的时候,引导词要用that , who 。 1). My brother studies in the school that /which is very famous. .我弟弟在一所非常著名的学校学习。
( the school 是先行词, that/ which是引导词) (that /which is very famous.是从句)
2). It is the most interesting book that I have ever read,. 这是我所读过的最有趣的书)
(先行词book前面还有形容词的最高级the most interesting修饰,所以引导词只能用 that)
(that I have ever read,是从句)
3).My brother is an English teacher who/ that has taught for 10 years. 我妈妈是一位教了10年书的英语老师。
( 先行词an English teacher是指人,所以引导词用 that或 who) ( who/ that has taught for 10 years.是从句)
先行词
(即被修饰的名词) 引导词 (即连接词) 例句 备注
指物 that / which 1)This is a book that/which is written by Luxun. 这是一本由鲁迅写的书。
2)Football is an exciting game that/which is very popular.足球是一项非常受欢迎的刺激的运动。 1)当选项中即有that 又有 which 时,就选择that 。
2) 从句要用陈述句的语序。
指人 that / who She is a girl who/that is 15 years old. 她是一个15岁的女孩。
I have a good friend who/that comes from South Korea. 我有一个来自韩国的朋友。
二、宾语从句
一个句子作另一个句子的宾语,我们称“作宾语的句子”为宾语从句。 1) He said that he was caught in the rain. 他说他淋了雨。
(that he was caught in the rain是从句,它作了said 的宾语。其中that是引导词(即连接词))
2)Could you tell me where the zoo is ? 你能告诉我动物园在哪里吗? (where the zoo is是从句,作了tell的宾语。 where 是引导词) 3) I don’t know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 (if he will come.是从句,作了know 的宾语, if是引导词。)
动词不定式
一. 定义:
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。