【英文摘要】 了解建筑物各分部分项工程废料产生现状，得到建设过程中废弃物回收用方面的第一手资料，分析指出存在问题、原因，提出解决措施。调研发现，新建工程中分部上程应该重点关注装饰上程和临建上程，分项上程则需重点控制砌体上程和模板工程;对于拆除工程，需重点提高混凝土块、碎砖块、瓦砾和碎玻璃的回收利用率。 在认识原因调研中，对14个影响因素重要性进行排序，发现关键影响因素有“政府对建筑垃圾处理的政策、场施工管理的水平低，技术、资金支持不够”、“施工现场缺乏建筑废料管理计划”、“现造成材料浪费”等。对策研究表明，积极有效的对策是过程中，采用新技术工艺有效降低建筑废料产生”、“政府完善相关政策和法规，“在施工加大对建筑废物料的监管力度，对不合要求的相关单位和企业加大处罚力度”、“政府给予补贴，促进不同类别的建筑废物料的重复利用或回收”等。 案例研究中，本文选取了广州市新建、翻新改造和拆迁工程作为建筑工程实例，通过现场直接观察法和访谈法，对现场废弃物进行记录，指出广州市施工房屋工程每年由于散落的混凝土和砂浆未进行及时收集利用，造成建筑材料直接转化为建筑废弃物的量就高达65万多t;为此，结合问卷，提出经济补偿标准，能有效促进现场建筑废弃物的减量化;拆除工程中，建议政府完善相关政策和法规，严格监管，鼓励和支持建筑废弃物搬运再生公司的建立，理顺建筑废弃物资源化产业链，使建筑废弃物变废为宝。 China's urbanization construction is in rapid development, construction heavy speed while ignoring resource conservation and environmental protection , leading to a sharp increase in the total amount of construction waste , municipal solid construction waste now accounts for 40% of total waste , urban of sustainable development face serious challenges. At present, the domestic scholars construction waste generation and treatment of systemic analysis less heavy theoretical research, and through the questionnaire survey and case tracking utility lacks research achievements . This construction waste management strategies from abroad , made of construction waste minimization and resource management policy priorities ; construction waste processing and foreign laws and regulations, to compare the status and affirmed the achievements of our country over the past decade , also clear that China's construction waste minimization and recycling is still a long way to go. To understand the current building waste problems, influencing factors and countermeasures three aspects of the situation , the paper questionnaire design using five selected by Cronbach 'sa coefficient method questionnaire reliability test ; selection with rich experience in building business management and technical personnel as the research object , the application of questionnaires Excel and SPSS software for statistical analysis, to understand each part of the project building waste generation status quo, to get the process of building waste recycling with first-hand information, analysis indicates the presence problems, causes , propose solutions . Research found that the new construction segment on the process should focus on the decoration process and the temporary building on the way , made the way you need to focus on the control of masonry on the process and template projects ; For demolition, must focus on improving the concrete blocks , broken bricks, rubble and broken glass recycling rate . In recognition of the reasons research, the importance of influencing factors on the 14 sort key factors found to have \on construction waste , low level of field construction management , technical , financial support is not enough ,\\lack of construction site construction waste management plans, \now causing material waste \response is the process, the introduction of new technological processes effectively reduce construction waste generated \the relevant policies and regulations , \increase in construction supervision of construction waste material , the relevant units of non-conforming and enterprises to increase penalties \government subsidies to promote different types of construction waste materials to be reused or recycled , \ Case study, this paper selects Guangzhou New, refurbishment and demolition works as a construction example, through direct on-site observation and interviews, on-site waste records indicate Guangzhou every year due to construction of housing projects scattered concrete and mortar not timely collection and utilization , resulting in building construction waste directly into the amount of up to more than 650,000 t; this, combined with questionnaires , proposed economic compensation standards, can effectively promote the site construction waste minimization ; demolition recommended that the government improve the relevant policies and regulations , strict supervision , encouragement and support removal of construction waste recycling companies to establish , streamline construction waste recycling industry chain, so that construction waste turning waste into treasure. （2）建筑废弃物减量化行为研究
【中文题名】 【英文题名】 【作者中文名】 【导师】 【学位授予单位】 【学科专业名称】 建筑废弃物减量化行为研究 Behavior of construction waste minimization 谭晓宁； 金维兴； 西安建筑科技大学 结构工程 【学位年度】 【论文级别】 【网络出版投稿人】 2011 博士 西安建筑科技大学 【网络出版投稿时间】 2011 【关键词】 【英文关键词】 建筑废弃物； 减量化； 决定因素； 管理模式； 【中文摘要】 Construction waste; reduction; determinants; management model; 建筑废弃物减量化行为是指在建设活动全生命周期内,通过从业人员减少建筑废弃物产生和废弃物直接回用等主动行为,达到节约工程材料、提高工程建设质量、降低环境不利影响等目的的有意识活动。目前,关于建筑废弃物的相关研究主要集中在建筑废弃物减量化和资源化的技术、管理方法以及相关机制上。除技术外,从宏观政策和管理对策角度研究较多,而对建筑废弃物产生的主体——建筑企业以及从业人员行为的研究较少。对此,本文在实证调查的基础上,运用环境行为理论和组织行为理论,从微观到宏观,从个体减量化行为、组织内部环境和社会环境三个层面,对建筑废弃物减量化行为、废弃物减量化动力机制以及管理模式进行了深入研究。主要研究成果包括:(1)通过实证调查和统计分析,发现影响建筑废弃物减量化最重要的因素是从业人员的环保意识、施工监管力度和法规制度的健全程度。在促进减量化的措施方面,关键措施是健全法规及相关税费政策。而影响建筑废弃物减量化的因素可以归结为三个层面,即从业人员的环境保护意识、对废弃物减量化的态度和认识;企业与废弃物减量化相适应的管理措施、管理制度、技能培训和工作氛围;政府的法规、政策和措施。(2)从环境行为理论的视角,对建筑废弃物减量化行为内在影响因素进行了系统识别,确定了影响减量化行为的主要决定因素,揭示了这些因素对于减量化行为的作用方式和减量化行为发生的内在机理,建立了减量化行为决定因素模型。研究结果表明,减量化态度受到价值观的持久影响,两者构成个体减量化行为的原动力。主观规范和控制观等个性因素是导致不同个体减量化行为差异的主因。认知因素可以内化为减量化态度和意识,对减量化行为产生作用。情境因素不仅影响行为人态度和个性因素,而且可以直接作用于行为本身。促进个体废弃物减量化行为的有效途径是,①改变外部促进因素;②建立良好的情境条件;③认知因素的积累;④直接影响个体的态度和个性因素。(3)依托组织行为理论,深入研究了领导行为、群体因素、组织激励和组织文化对个体减量化行为的影响,建立了企业建筑废弃物减量化动力模型,分析了减量化动力机制的形成过程。结果表明,企业员工实施废弃物减量化的动力来源于良好的企业文化对员工价值观的塑造,企业内部管理制度、积极的人际影响、激励机制和领导行为对减量化态度和主观规范的强化,而企业本身的动力来自于外部约束和引导机制的建立,以及对实行废弃物减量化带来的经济、社会和环境效益的认同。(4)通过策略分析确定了政府经济政策的选择是对实施废弃物减量化增加的成本进行补贴。通过费用效益分析得出确保废弃物减量化经济有效性的条件是,将相当于节省的建筑废弃物处置费用和环境治理费用,以补贴的形式纳入减量化的收益,有利于达到最优社会削减率。研究还提出了建筑废弃物减量化管理新模式以及相应运行机制。论文还对促进企业建筑废弃物减量化,以及建立与之相适应的政府管理体制和运行机制提出了相应的措施和政策建议,这些研究成果对于推动我国建筑废弃物实现源头削减具有重要的理论和实践参考价值。 【英文摘要】
Construction waste minimization behavior refers to the entire life cycle of building activities by employees to reduce construction waste generation and waste reuse and other proactive behavior directly , to save construction materials, improve construction quality , reduce negative environmental impacts the purpose of conscious activity . Currently, about construction waste related research focuses on the construction of waste minimization and recycling technologies, management methods and related mechanisms . In addition to technology, policy and management responses from the macro perspective more, while the main body of the building waste generation - building businesses and employing fewer behavioral research . In this regard , this paper empirical investigation , based on the application of environmental behavior theory and organizational behavior theory , from micro to macro , from individual behavior reduction , environment and social environment within the organization three levels of construction waste minimization behavior , waste minimization and management mode dynamic mechanism conducted in-depth research . Key findings include: ( 1 ) through empirical surveys and statistical analysis, found to affect the construction waste minimization is the most important factor in the environmental awareness of employees , construction supervision and regulatory system soundness . In promoting the reduction of the measures, the key measures are sound policies and regulations and related taxes . The impact factors of construction waste reduction can be attributed to three levels , namely environmental awareness of employees , the attitude of waste minimization and awareness ; enterprises and waste reduction management measures adapted to manage system , skills training and work atmosphere ; government regulations , policies and measures . ( 2 ) environmental behavior from the perspective of the theory of construction waste minimization behavior intrinsic factors affecting system identification to determine the effect of reduction of the main determinants of behavior , revealing the behavior of these factors on the mode of action of reduction and the intrinsic behavior reduction mechanism, a reduction behavioral determinants model . The results show that the reduction attitudes lasting impact by values , which constitute the driving force behind the behavior of individual reduction . Concept of subjective norms and control factors such as personality reduction leads to different individual differences in behavior the main reason. Cognitive factors can be internalized into minimization attitudes and awareness, an effect on the reduction behavior . Situational factors influence behavior not only the attitudes and personality factors , and can act directly on the act itself . Promote individual waste reduction behavior is an effective way , ① changing external stimulus ; ② establish a good situational conditions ; ③ cognitive factors of accumulation ; ④ direct impact on the individual's attitude and personality factors . ( 3 ) relying on
organizational behavior theory , in-depth study of leadership behavior, group factors, organizational incentives and reduction of organizational culture on individual behavior, establish a dynamic corporate construction waste minimization model to analyze the dynamic mechanism of reduction formation . The results showed that employees implement waste reduction power comes from good corporate culture in shaping values to employees , internal management system, positive interpersonal influence , incentives and leadership on the attitude and subjective norm minimization strengthening while enterprises under its own power from the external constraints and guide the establishment of mechanisms for the implementation of waste reduction and the economic , social and environmental benefits of recognition. ( 4 ) through policy analysis to determine the choice of the government's economic policy is implemented waste reduction increased costs to be subsidized. Obtained through cost -benefit analysis to ensure that the economic effectiveness of waste minimization condition that would be equivalent to the construction waste disposal cost savings and environmental management fees to the form of subsidies included in the reduction of income , is conducive to optimal social reduction rate . The study also proposes construction waste minimization new management model and the corresponding operation mechanism. Paper also promote enterprise construction waste minimization, and establish corresponding government management system and operational mechanism put forward corresponding measures and policy recommendations , these findings promoting China's construction waste to achieve source reduction has important theoretical and practical reference value. (3)建筑废弃物再生利用的调查与研究
【中文题名】 【英文题名】 【作者中文名】 【导师】 【学位授予单位】 【学科专业名称】 建筑废弃物再生利用的调查与研究 Construction waste recycling Investigation and Research 张志红； 孙跃东； 山东科技大学 结构工程