上海中学高三英语周练1
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?
Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning \ents to learn the answers to the \ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
(B)
There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and suddenly she bursts out laughing, 33_________(make) you think you’ve made a brilliant joke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something really fun on a micro blog.” Now the whole world is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.
In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing dependence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent poll
carried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.
36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rude behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.
The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by people on mobiles was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can download posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. purposeful B. rolled AC. source Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scale of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population. Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the \from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”
The mayor of New York once said, \the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City.\of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of \the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.
AD. fresh C. issued AE. shaped D. majority BC. risen E. industrial BD. admitted AB. unity III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer. __54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
51..A. in particular 52. A. emphasize
B. in reality B. doubt
C. at least D. first of all C. overlook D. believe
53. A. Denying 54. A. Moving 56. A. culture 58 .A. cost 60. A. huge 61. A. beliefs
B. ensuring C. arguing B. Hoping C. Starting B. tastes B. social
B. plan
C. prices C. mistake
D. proving D. Failing D. expenses D. difference D. budget D. reasonable D. interest D. Attracting D. sensitive
55..A. markets 57. A. promise 59. A.as a result
C. financial D. economical
B. opportunity C. profit
B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary B. potential C. extra B. loyalty B. Respected
C. habits
B. understanding C. keeping B. flexible C. friendly
62. A. altering 63. A. Assumed 64. A. agreeable 65. A. unfair
Section B
C. Established D. Unexpected
B. difficult C. essential D. convenient
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor.
\octors as often as they should,\so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.\
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life.”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
\A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)\Gullotta says \only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it could happen to
him, …'\
Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, \and would rather not know,\
\men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies,\Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. \prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature death\ 66.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to red this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
67.Which of the following best completes the sentence \paragraph8?
A. it could happen to me, too. B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky. D. it would be a big misfortune.
68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by \ A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions. B. A new treatment for certain psychological problems. C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved. D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear. 69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A. They may increase public expenses. B. They will save money in the long run. C. They may cause psychological stress on men. D. They will enable men to live as long as women.
(B)
Doctors have been advising us for years to \active as possible into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.