In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or older, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated — by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums — were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.
“Brain activity is not stopping the underlying neurobiology of dementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the additional appearance of symptoms,\the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance.\
While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function despite the accumulating biological changes underlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. \At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathology,\who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease. The findings, published Wednesday in Neurology, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society should approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us would prefer to remain as functionally intact as possible and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before death. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental decline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. \results suggested by this paper are something that people would regard as positive,\\And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of dementia as a society.\
70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.
A. mental disease B. brain damage C. cognitive decline D. Biological changes
71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.
A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the disease B. the patient no longer needs to do brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the doctors
C. the doctors can only treat the patient based on his pathological conditions
D. the accumulating biological changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient 72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings should be viewed as__________.
A. discouraging B. interesting C. challenging D. positive 73. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active. B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up. C. Those who do brain exercises will definitely suffer from dementia at last. D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.
(C)
The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in order to earn a living.
From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has precluded (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿） for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.
There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they
argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a long time.
74. One might infer that _______________________. A. developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costly
B. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewards C. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is played D. amateurs athletes have a better attitude than professionals do
75. The statement“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________. A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad condition B. the poorer players were given some advantages C. the rules did not work the same way for everyone D. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways
76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.
A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthday B. money received from a winning lottery ticket C. an allowance paid to a child D. Money from charity organization
77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________. A. has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic games B. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the years C. regards itself as an organization for professional athletes only D. did nothing but stop allowing communists to participate Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words.
\疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk down the block,\Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her doctor begin to suspect her plate. \A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times,\Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market,\
Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems.
\was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling.\
Hightower said.
The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. \was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public,\rent a tent and a tambourine.\tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decided to do our own test.
According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe level of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.
While there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and . 82. When Dr. Hightower \ . 83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered? _________________________________________________________________________ 84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA? __________________________________________________________________________ 第II卷 I. Translation
Directions :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。(sure)
2.使我大为宽慰的是，孩子们逐渐意识到在人生关键的时候要三思而后行。(relief) 3.那位为自己上课开小差而感到惭愧的学生花了几乎两个小时才解出这道数学难题。(ashamed)
4.飞机刚起飞，她就迫不及待地告诉其他乘客这是她第一次乘坐飞机。(Hardly,wait) 5.考虑到仅从书本上学习知识是远远不够的，学校号召学生们积极参加各项社会活动以培养他们把理论运用到实践中的能力。（far,call)
Keys
25-30 less famous that unless it through wondering 31-35 an Can making by surveyed 36-40 Like others as were chatting where 41-50 C BC D AC B AE AB BD A AD 51-55 B C B D A 56-60 C D C A B 61-65 B C C D B
66-69 C A D B 70-73 C A D B 74-77 A C C B 78.commercial pollution, food chain
79.draw people’s attention to the danger /warn people of the danger 80. She published the result of the study./ She made it known to the public 81. People should eat less sea food./People should cut down on fish in their diets Translation
1. Be sure to give up this unrealistic/impractical idea, or you will accomplish nothing. 2. To my great relief, the kids have come to realize they should think carefully before they act at the critical moment of life.
3. The students who was /felt ashamed of being absent-minded in class spent almost two hours working out the difficult math problems.
4. Hardly had the plane taken off when he couldn’t /could hardly wait to tell the other passenger that this was the first time he had taken a plane.
5. Considering it is far from enough to acquire/ obtain /gain knowledge from books , the school has called on their students to take an active part in various social activities to develop their ability to apply theory to practice.