+3HONO2 +3H2O
(五)、石油 C16H34
(六)、卤代烃 CH3CH2Br + H2O CH3CH2Br +NaOH
CH3CH2OH + HBr CH2＝CH2 + NaBr + H2O
(七)、醇类 CH2＝CH2 + H2O 2CH3CH2OH + 2Na 2CH3CH2OH + O2
CH3CH2OH
2CH3CH2ONa + H2↑ 2CH3CHO + 2H2O
C8H18 + C8H16
<1> 2Cu + O2
2 CuO
CH3CHO + H2O + Cu
<2> CH3CH2OH + CuO CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH
(八)、酚类
+ NaOH + H2O + CO2 + H2O
+ H2O + H3O+
+ NaHCO3
CH2＝CH2↑ + H2O CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O
+3Br2 ↓ + 3HBr
(九)、醛类 CH3CHO + H2 2CH3CHO + O2
CH3CH2OH 2CH3COOH
CH3COONH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COOH + Cu2O↓ + 2H2O
(十)、羧酸
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH HCOOH + CH3OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O HCOOCH3 + H2O
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH
CH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2
(十一)、糖类 C6H12O6 + 6O2 CH2OH(CHOH)4 + H2
6CO2 + 6H2O
CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O↓ + 2H2O
C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)； △H= - 2800 kJ·mol-1
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH + H2O
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 C6H12O6 C6H12O6
2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2CO2
C12H22O11(蔗糖) + H2O C6H12O6(葡萄糖) + C6H12O6(果糖)
C12H22O11(麦芽糖) + H2O 2C6H12O6(葡萄糖) (C6H10O5)n (淀粉) + nH2O n C6H12O6(葡萄糖) (C6H10O5)n (纤维素) + nH2O
n C6H12O6(葡萄糖)
(十二)、油脂
(十三)、氨基酸
+
+H2O
+
+ H2O
+
+ H2O
+
+
H2O