微课的六点质疑及回应【学术
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和碎片化学习的需要,也符合网络时代学习者的注 意力模式,那么在不久的将来,微课很可能将传统 的课堂实录或教学切片完全淘汰出局。
自微课出现以来,它就在“蚕食”着传统教育 的教学模式。(王竹立,2013)微课在给人以教学震 撼的同时,也在促使我们反思传统课堂实录或教学 切片的教学效果和缺陷。上文我们已对微课和教学 视频切片进行了简单对比,剖析了两者的优势和缺 点。虽然微课拥有更好的教学前景,但并不表示有 了微课就一定要把课堂实录或教学视频切片完全抛 弃。微课是特定时代的特定产物,课堂实录或教学 视频切片也有继续留存的理由和必要。因为微课 (这里指非课堂实录型微课)虽然能清晰地呈现教 学内容,但无法真实地记录课堂中的师生行为;而 教学视频切片虽然容易分散学习者对学习内容的注 意力,但却能如实地还原课堂的真实情境,如教室 环境和师生行为等。因此,如果能根据不同的场合 和需要,恰当地混合使用微课与课堂实录,那么就 能扬两者之长,避两者之短,获得统合综效的结 果。例如,在需要呈现某个知识点的内容时,可以 采用微课的形式;而需要记录师生的行为时,则可 以通过课堂实录来实现。比较而言,微课聚焦内 容,更适合在说课、课前预习、课中突破难点、课 后巩固扩展等场合下使用;课堂实录和教学视频切 片则更适合在教研室集体磨课、评课、课后反思和 教学诊断等场合下使用。
PowerPoint 2010 及以上版本制作。此外,还有电子 白板讲授模式微课和北京“数字学习”模式微课。 而中小学和高校微课大赛对微课作品的要求大致是 以视频为主要载体记录教师围绕某个知识点或教学 环节开展的简短、完整的教学活动。其中有些微课 作品只记录授课内容,而有些作品则连教师的形象
也一同记录。这类微课通常需要使用屏幕录像专 家、Camtasia Studio 等录屏软件或DV、录播系统、
数位板等器材。为降低学科教师开发微课的技术门 槛,集微课录制、屏幕书写、上传、在线预览、视 频内嵌式测验、视频提示、视频标注、学习记录 (云端学习数据及统计分析)、多终端支持等功能于 一体的微课程一体化开发平台将成为微课发展的关 键技术。
以上关于微课的多元理解和多样化制作方式, 为微课在国内的本土化发展提供了一片包容性极强 的土地,从而导致如今“百花齐放”的独特景观。 目前,“微课热”已初见端倪,但微课真正的内涵 式发展在国内还处于起步阶段,短期内还无法看出 这几类微课的教学成效。因此,明智的做法是尽量 为各类微课“种子”营造一个“温暖”、“舒适” 的空间,任其个性化发展。最终是“一枝独秀”, 还是“满园春色”,我们不妨静观其变。
结语
六、微课类型:数字故事、可汗式录屏微 视
频,还是中国式微课?
国外最早且最主流的微课类型是可汗式录屏微 视频,而国内最先出现的是李玉平的系列微课程。 近两年来,中国微课网、全国高校微课大赛官网、 VKO 微课、第九课堂、博览微课、几分钟网、油
菜花、Skillshare、微众移动校园-微课堂、佛山市
中小学优秀微课平台等国内外众多微课网站发布了 各种类型的微课。到底哪一种微课才是“真微 课”?是否有统一的微课评判标准、创作模式和创 作工具呢?
目前国内的微课并没有统一的评判标准、创作 模式和创作工具。黎加厚提出了“聚焦、简要、清 晰、技术、创新”五大微课评价指标和17 条微课 设计建议。(黎加厚,2013)李玉平微课主要通过配 合 精简的文字、精美的图片和舒缓的音乐来呈现内 容,旨在让读者在优美的轻音乐中细细品味内容, 展开思考。这类微课与数字故事相似,主要通过
现代远程教育研究
2014年2期/总128期
作为一种新媒体、新技术和新事物,微课从诞 生之日起,认可与质疑就相伴随行。以上六点质疑 颇具代表性,厘清这些问题,能帮助我们更好地理 解和认识微课,从而看清微课的本质内涵、优势与 短板、发展趋势和应用前景。微课研究者必须联起 手来,加强微课设计、开发与应用的创新研究,联 合破解相关难题。这些难题包括微课的设计理念、 原则和策略,微课评价标准,微课应用的一体化方 案,微课如何支持和变革教与学的方式,如何以微 课为主要载体创新网络虚拟教研方式和教师专业发 展模式,(郑小军,2013)如何从微课走向微课程, 从热衷于单个知识点微课制作走向专题微课程开 发、基于微课的MOOCs 开发和多功能一体化微课 程开发平台的研制,等等。笔者希望本文能够抛砖 引玉,携手广大教育工作者,一起搬开微课路上的 “绊脚石”,共同走出“微课迷宫”。
参考文献:
[1]胡铁生(2011).“微课”:区域教育信息资源发展的新 趋势[J].电化教育研究,(10):61-65.
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时 空】
微课的六点质疑及回应
[2]可汗学院-网易公开课[DB/OL].[2012-07-05].http://
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[3]黎加厚(2013).微课的含义与发展[J].中小学信息技术 教育,(4):10-12. [4]李玉平(2012).视频微课程目录[DB/OL].[2012-02-11].
[8]郑小军(2013b).从“信息化热”到教学常态:教育技术
人的范式转变[J].中小学信息技术教育,(10):80-81.
[9]郑小军(2013c).走进微课世界[DB/OL].[2013-04-30]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4711a0210102e6g8.html.
[10]郑小军,张霞(2013).微课的浅阅读趋向及其对策探讨 [J].中小学信息技术教育,(12):67-69.
[11]庄河教育网(2012).关于教学视频切片的制作[DB/
http://whliyuping.blog.163.com/blog/static/32437562012111013839/. [5]王竹立(2013).微课热是暂时的,微课是长期的[J].中小 学信息技术教育,(9):79. OL].[2012-07-05].http://zh.foredu.com.cn/iteminfo.aspx?Category [6]杨满福 ,桑新民(2013).对MOOCs 浪潮中微课的深度 ID=?ìóy??ê??à?% 思考——基于首届高校微课大赛的分析[Z]. B5&infoid=1976&isnew=0.
[7]郑小军(2013a).我对微课的界定[DB/OL].[2013-04-30]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4711a0210102e6ge.html.
收稿日期 2014-01-07 责任编辑 刘 选
Six Doubts about Micro-Lesson and Responses to the Doubts
Zheng Xiaojun, Zhang Xia
Abstract: Nowadays, micro-lesson has become a hot spot in the development of educational informatization in our country. The emergence of micro-lesson has caused a great stir in the field of education, and aroused a wave of \To sum up, people mainly have six doubts about micro-lesson: first, people think that micro-lesson is \second, they think that micro-lesson is merely putting new wine into old bottles; third, they think that micro lesson is the \that give rise to the fragmentation of knowledge; fourth, they think that micro-lesson has little technical content; fifth, they think that micro-lesson may tend to winnow out the traditional classroom live recordings; sixth, they think that micro-lesson with varied types lacks a unified evaluation standard, a creation mode and a authoring tool. The reason why people are raising these doubts is that people lack rational thinking and practical exploration into the related problems of micro-lesson in aspects of background, realistic demand, core and essence, strengths and weaknesses, value of education, prospect of application, trend of development and creative methods, etc. In the future, the micro-lesson researchers have to work together to solve the problems in regard to principles and strategies of micro-lesson design, evaluation criteria, methods of supporting and transforming teaching and learning, ways of changing micro-lesson to micro-course, development of integrative micro-lesson platform and so on. Only solving these problems can lead the micro-lesson to a healthy and rapid development.
Keywords: Micro-Lesson; Micro-Course; Micro-Lesson Rush; Doubt; Response
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Research on Knowledge Construction of Network Curriculum Group:
Promoting Online Learning across the Curriculum
Zhao Huichen
Abstract: As the school-based curriculums, national fine-designed curriculums and video open curriculums constantly emerged, it is needed to connect and support each other in order to promote online learning across the curriculum. In this case, curriculum builders are required to break the traditional attribution of the curriculum content, and connect online curriculums whose contents are close related as a group. Online curriculum group refers to the integration of several curriculums which are related in the aspects of knowledge, methods and issues with the help of the computer technology and the Internet. The network curriculum group based on knowledge construction can integrate the knowledge of different network curriculums, optimize network curriculum teaching activities, and support both students' online learning across the curriculum and teachers' professional development. Current research on network curriculum group at the theoretical level focused on summary of experience in specific subjects, and at the practical level paid more attention to particular cases. However, the knowledge relationship between different curriculums has not been studied yet. In order to improve the overall effectiveness, the research on knowledge construction of network curriculum group should be carried out from the following perspectives: the analytical framework, the model research, the promotion strategy, the support system, the evaluation method and so on. The construction of network curriculum group should make clear objectives according to the economic and social needs, build an interdisciplinary team, and then by applying the theory of knowledge construction, deeply study the theoretical and practical problems in the knowledge construction of network curriculum group with the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.
Keywords: Network Curriculum Group; Knowledge Construction; Constructing Features; Knowledge Innovation; Online Learning
现代远程教育研究
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